Localised small bowel adenocarcinoma (stage I to III, resected)
Prepared with OnCo (onco.cc/prep/localised-small-bowel-adenocarcinoma/). Orientation, not medical advice; your team knows your case.
My details
What I know, what is unclear, changes to discuss
Saved in this browserMy questions
15 on the sheet- 1.What is my exact diagnosis, stage, and grade, and which tests established them?
- 2.Which biomarkers have been tested on my tumour (for example Mismatch repair and microsatellite status, Node status and number of nodes examined, Germline testing for Lynch syndrome, FAP and Peutz-Jeghers where indicated, HER2 amplification and KRAS status, Circulating tumour DNA after surgery), and what were the results?
- 3.Which subtype is my cancer, and does that change the recommended treatment?
- 4.Is germline (inherited) genetic testing recommended for me or my family?
- 5.For my situation (diagnosis and staging), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 6.For my situation (duodenal tumours), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 7.For my situation (jejunal and ileal tumours), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 8.For my situation (after surgery), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 9.Am I a candidate for CAPOX (capecitabine, oxaliplatin), FOLFOX (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin), and what side effects should I expect?
- 10.For my situation (surveillance), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 11.Are there clinical trials I could join, for example of CAPOX (capecitabine, oxaliplatin), FOLFOX (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin), Signatera?
- 12.Would a second opinion at a high-volume centre change anything, and can you help arrange it?
- 13.What supportive care (symptom control, nutrition, exercise, mental health, financial help) is available from the start?
- 14.I read that “Whether adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival awaits the full BALLAD results”. How does that affect my plan?
- 15.I read that “Diagnosis is often delayed by months because the small bowel is hard to image”. How does that affect my plan?
The words I may hear
- Colectomy: Removing the part of the colon containing the cancer along with its blood supply and lymph nodes, then joining the ends.
- Lynch syndrome: Lynch syndrome is the most common inherited cancer syndrome: a faulty mismatch-repair gene raises lifetime bowel cancer risk to 40-80% and also endometrial and other cancers.
- Endoscopy (EGD, EUS, ERCP): Looking inside a hollow organ with a camera on a flexible tube, taking biopsies and sometimes treating on the spot.
- Hereditary cancer syndromes: About 5-10% of cancers arise from an inherited gene fault.
- Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy): The big operation for cancers of the head of the pancreas: the surgeon removes the pancreatic head, the duodenum, the gallbladder and part of the bile duct, then reconnects everything.
- Lymphadenectomy (lymph node dissection): Surgically removing the lymph nodes that drain a tumour, both to stage the cancer and to clear any spread.
- Microsatellite instability (MSI-H) / mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR): Microsatellite instability is the mark of a broken DNA spell-checker (loss of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 or PMS2) that leaves thousands of mutations, so the tumour displays abnormal proteins that T cells can recognise.
Tests and results to bring
Diagnosis and staging: Endoscopy or enteroscopy with biopsy, CT of chest, abdomen and pelvis, mismatch repair testing and germline assessment.
Biomarker results to ask for: Mismatch repair and microsatellite status (all patients), Node status and number of nodes examined (at least eight), Germline testing for Lynch syndrome, FAP and Peutz-Jeghers where indicated, HER2 amplification and KRAS status (baseline for later therapy), Circulating tumour DNA after surgery (investigational), Crohn's disease or coeliac disease history.
Scans and tests linked to this cancer: CT (computed tomography), Germline (hereditary) testing, Liquid biopsy (ctDNA), MRI, MRD / molecular residual disease testing.
Bring copies of scan reports, pathology and blood results, and a list of every medicine and supplement.
The treatments I may be offered
- After surgery: Observation for stage I and low-risk stage II; adjuvant CAPOX or FOLFOX for stage III and high-risk stage II, extrapolated from colon cancer pending BALLAD. (CAPOX (capecitabine, oxaliplatin), FOLFOX (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin), Cytotoxic chemotherapy)
- Duodenal tumours: Pancreaticoduodenectomy for proximal duodenal tumours; segmental resection for distal duodenal tumours; endoscopic resection only for adenomas. (Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy), Lymphadenectomy (lymph node dissection))
- Jejunal and ileal tumours: Segmental resection with wide mesenteric lymphadenectomy; right hemicolectomy for terminal ileal tumours. (Lymphadenectomy (lymph node dissection), Colectomy)
- Surveillance: CT and CEA every six to twelve months; endoscopic surveillance of the remaining duodenum in FAP. (CT (computed tomography), Endoscopy (EGD, EUS, ERCP))
From the standard of care recorded for this cancer; which apply depends on your stage and biomarkers. Ask which the team recommends and why.