Primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma
Prepared with OnCo (onco.cc/prep/primary-mediastinal-b-cell-lymphoma/). Orientation, not medical advice; your team knows your case.
My details
What I know, what is unclear, changes to discuss
Saved in this browserMy questions
16 on the sheet- 1.What is my exact diagnosis, stage, and grade, and which tests established them?
- 2.Which biomarkers have been tested on my tumour (for example CD20, CD23, MAL and weak or partial CD30 expression, 9p24.1 gain or amplification, CIITA rearrangement and loss of MHC class II, End-of-treatment FDG PETto decide on radiotherapy, Circulating tumour DNA for response monitoring), and what were the results?
- 3.Which subtype is my cancer, and does that change the recommended treatment?
- 4.Is germline (inherited) genetic testing recommended for me or my family?
- 5.For my situation (first line), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 6.Am I a candidate for Rituximab, Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide or related drugs, and what side effects should I expect?
- 7.How do the results of IELSG37 apply to someone like me?
- 8.For my situation (residual pet-positive disease after immunochemotherapy), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 9.For my situation (relapsed or refractory), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?
- 10.Am I a candidate for Pembrolizumab, Nivolumab, Brentuximab vedotin or related drugs, and what side effects should I expect?
- 11.How do the results of KEYNOTE-170 apply to someone like me?
- 12.Are there clinical trials I could join, for example of IELSG37, KEYNOTE-170, ctDNA monitoring in lymphoma (PhasED-seq, clonoSEQ), Glofitamab?
- 13.Would a second opinion at a high-volume centre change anything, and can you help arrange it?
- 14.What supportive care (symptom control, nutrition, exercise, mental health, financial help) is available from the start?
- 15.I read that “No validated way to identify the 10 to 15 percent who will fail first-line therapy before they do”. How does that affect my plan?
- 16.I read that “Checkpoint blockade in first line is untested in randomised trials”. How does that affect my plan?
The words I may hear
- R-CHOP (lymphoma chemoimmunotherapy): R-CHOP is the standard first treatment for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: rituximab (an antibody against CD20) plus four chemotherapy drugs (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone), given every three weeks for six cycles with curative intent.
- Deauville five-point scale: A 1-to-5 score for how bright a lymphoma looks on PET compared with the liver; 1-3 is considered a complete metabolic response.
- ICANS (neurotoxicity): ICANS is confusion, speech difficulty, and rarely seizures after CAR-T or bispecific therapy.
- Lugano classification / Ann Arbor staging: The Lugano classification is the lymphoma staging system: stage I to IV by how many lymph node regions and organs are involved, with PET-based response criteria.
- Cytokine release syndrome (CRS): A flood of inflammatory signals when immune cells are activated en masse, causing fever, low blood pressure, and sometimes organ failure.
- Autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT): High-dose chemotherapy (melphalan in myeloma, BEAM in lymphoma) that would permanently destroy the bone marrow, made survivable by giving the patient back their own previously collected stem cells, which engraft in 10-14 days.
Tests and results to bring
Biomarker results to ask for: CD20, CD23, MAL and weak or partial CD30 expression, 9p24.1 gain or amplification (PD-L1, PD-L2, JAK2), CIITA rearrangement and loss of MHC class II, End-of-treatment FDG PET (Deauville score) to decide on radiotherapy, Circulating tumour DNA for response monitoring (under study).
Scans and tests linked to this cancer: FDG PET, PET-adapted (response-adapted) therapy, ctDNA monitoring in lymphoma (PhasED-seq, clonoSEQ).
Bring copies of scan reports, pathology and blood results, and a list of every medicine and supplement.
The treatments I may be offered
- First line: Dose-adjusted EPOCH-R for six cycles without radiotherapy, or R-CHOP for six cycles with PET-guided consolidation radiotherapy; end-of-treatment PET decides whether radiotherapy is needed (IELSG37). (Rituximab, Doxorubicin, Cyclophosphamide, Etoposide, Vincristine, Prednisone, R-CHOP (lymphoma chemoimmunotherapy), FDG PET, PET-adapted (response-adapted) therapy, IELSG37)
- Residual PET-positive disease after immunochemotherapy: Biopsy where feasible; involved-site radiotherapy to the mediastinum (30 to 36 Gy) for persistent uptake; salvage therapy for proven refractory disease. (IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam), Proton therapy, FDG PET, Deauville five-point scale)
- Relapsed or refractory: Salvage chemotherapy then autologous stem cell transplant if chemosensitive; pembrolizumab (KEYNOTE-170) or nivolumab plus brentuximab vedotin; CD19 CAR-T (axicabtagene ciloleucel, lisocabtagene maraleucel) after two lines or as second line for early relapse. (Autologous stem cell transplant (high-dose therapy), Pembrolizumab, KEYNOTE-170, Nivolumab, Brentuximab vedotin, Axicabtagene ciloleucel, Lisocabtagene maraleucel, CAR-T cell therapy)
From the standard of care recorded for this cancer; which apply depends on your stage and biomarkers. Ask which the team recommends and why.