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Autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT)

aka ASCT, auto-SCT, autoSCT, autologous transplant, autologous stem cell transplantation, autologous HSCT, auto-HSCT, autologous, high-dose chemotherapy, high-dose therapy, HDT, stem cell rescue, stem cell support, HDC-ASCT, tandem transplant, transplant-eligible myeloma

Very high-dose chemotherapy that would destroy the bone marrow, made survivable by giving the patient back their own previously collected stem cells. Standard in myeloma and relapsed lymphoma; the cells rescue the marrow, they do not fight the cancer.

Stem cells are mobilised with G-CSF (plus plerixafor), collected by apheresis and frozen; after melphalan (myeloma) or BEAM (lymphoma) conditioning they are reinfused and engraft in 10-14 days. ASCT after quadruplet induction remains standard for fit myeloma patients (PERSEUS, DETERMINATION) though CAR-T is challenging it (CARTITUDE-5/6); in DLBCL it has been displaced from second line by CAR-T (ZUMA-7, TRANSFORM) but remains for later relapse and for Hodgkin lymphoma and germ cell tumours; tandem transplant is part of high-risk neuroblastoma therapy. Mortality is 1-2%; risks are infection during aplasia and later secondary MDS.

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Treatment jargon

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