HLA-C
HLA-C (HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, C alpha chain) is a gene whose normal job is to hold cell growth in check. The public catalogues list it as a drug target, a tumour suppressor and a biomarker, and clinical evidence ties its variants to diagnosis, prognosis or drug response. Tied to Colorectal cancer and Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Overview
Antigen-presenting major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) molecule with an important role in reproduction and antiviral immunity. In complex with B2M/beta 2 microglobulin displays a restricted repertoire of self and viral peptides and acts as a dominant ligand for inhibitory and activating killer immunoglobulin receptors (KIRs) expressed on NK cells. In an allogeneic setting, such as during pregnancy, mediates interaction of extravillous trophoblasts with KIR on uterine NK cells and regulate trophoblast invasion necessary for placentation and overall fetal growth.
CIViC holds 2 clinical evidence items and 0 assertions across 2 variants, naming Therapeutic Tumour Infiltrating Lymphocytes. IntOGen calls it a driver in 1 cohort (0 activating, 1 loss-of-function), covering Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, NOS.
- Target · the protein and the cell it sits on
- Drug · antibody, small molecule, cell or radioligand
- Effect · signal, damage or kill
In plain words · HLA-C (HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, C alpha chain) is a gene whose normal job is to hold cell growth in check. The public catalogues list it as a drug target, a tumour suppressor and a biomarker, and clinical evidence ties its variants to diagnosis, prognosis or drug response. Tied to Colorectal cancer and Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
- 1 · What it is
HLA-C (HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, C alpha chain) is a gene whose normal job is to hold cell growth in check. The public catalogues list it as a drug target, a tumour suppressor and a biomarker, and clinical evidence ties its variants to diagnosis, prognosis or drug response. Tied to Colorectal cancer and Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
- 2 · What goes wrong in cancer
Antigen-presenting major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) molecule with an important role in reproduction and antiviral immunity.
- 3 · How drugs use it
No product in this corpus aims at HLA-C yet. Because the protein is lost rather than overactive, drugs either restore its function or exploit the weakness its loss leaves (synthetic lethality).
External identifiers
Sources: HGNC HGNC:4933 (approved symbol, name, aliases, locus and cross-references (hgnc_complete_set.txt)); UniProt P10321 (protein name, function text, keywords and locations (REST API)); CIViC gene HLA-C (2 evidence items, 0 assertions, 2 variants; diseases: Colorectal Cancer, Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (GraphQL API, CC0)); IntOGen HLA-C (driver in 1 cohort (Act 0, LoF 1); Compendium_Cancer_Genes.tsv release 20240920, CC0 1.0)
Biology
Antigen-presenting major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) molecule with an important role in reproduction and antiviral immunity. In complex with B2M/beta 2 microglobulin displays a restricted repertoire of self and viral peptides and acts as a dominant ligand for inhibitory and activating killer immunoglobulin receptors (KIRs) expressed on NK cells. In an allogeneic setting, such as during pregnancy, mediates interaction of extravillous trophoblasts with KIR on uterine NK cells and regulate trophoblast invasion necessary for placentation and overall fetal growth. During viral infection, may present viral peptides with low affinity for KIRs, impeding KIR-mediated inhibition through peptide antagonism and favoring lysis of infected cells. Presents a restricted repertoire of viral peptides on antigen-presenting cells for recognition by alpha-beta T cell receptor (TCR) on HLA-C-restricted CD8-positive T cells, guiding antigen-specific T cell immune response to eliminate infected cells, particularly in chronic viral infection settings such as HIV-1 or CMV infection. Both the peptide and the MHC molecule are recognised by TCR, the peptide is responsible for the fine specificity of antigen recognition and MHC residues account for the MHC restriction of T cells. Location: Cell membrane; Endoplasmic reticulum membrane (UniProt). Locus 6p21.33 (HGNC).
- Colorectal cancer: CIViC evidence names this disease
- Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: CIViC evidence names this disease; IntOGen driver in 1 cohort (DLBCLNOS)
Notes
top- Written by scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts from CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC and UniProt; the function text is UniProt's, condensed and in UK spelling. Roles: CIViC lists 1 therapies; IntOGen calls it a loss-of-function (LoF) driver in 1 cohort; CIViC holds 2 clinical evidence items on its variants. Evidence tier "clinical-evidence" is the strongest of those signals.
- Prevalence not recorded: none of the sources gives a positivity rate.
Latest papers
topQuery for this target: (TITLE:"HLA-C" OR ABSTRACT:"HLA-C" OR TITLE:"major histocompatibility complex, class I, C" OR ABSTRACT:"major histocompatibility complex, class I, C" OR TITLE:"HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, C alpha chain" OR ABSTRACT:"HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, C alpha chain" OR TITLE:"HLA-JY3" OR ABSTRACT:"HLA-JY3" OR TITLE:"D6S204" OR ABSTRACT:"D6S204" OR TITLE:"PSORS1" OR ABSTRACT:"PSORS1") AND (cancer OR tumor OR tumour OR oncology OR carcinoma OR lymphoma OR leukemia OR leukaemia OR myeloma OR sarcoma OR melanoma OR glioma). Results are unfiltered search hits about HLA-C, not a curated reading list.