RAC1
RAC1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1) is a gene that drives cell growth when it is altered. The public catalogues list it as a drug target, an oncogene driver and a biomarker, and clinical evidence ties its variants to diagnosis, prognosis or drug response. Tied to Skin cancer, Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and Melanoma.
Overview
Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, epithelial cell polarisation, neurons adhesion, migration and differentiation, and growth-factor induced formation of membrane ruffles. Rac1 p21/rho GDI heterodimer is the active component of the cytosolic factor sigma 1, which is involved in stimulation of the NADPH oxidase activity in macrophages.
CIViC holds 3 clinical evidence items and 0 assertions across 1 variant, naming Vemurafenib, Dabrafenib and PLX4720. Open Targets scores its association with cancer at 0.78 (direct and indirect evidence; datatypes affected pathway 0.59, literature 1.00, genetic association 0.32, somatic mutation 0.93, animal model 0.37). IntOGen calls it a driver in 5 cohorts (5 activating, 0 loss-of-function), covering Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Melanoma, Cutaneous Melanoma.
- Target · the protein and the cell it sits on
- Drug · antibody, small molecule, cell or radioligand
- Effect · signal, damage or kill
In plain words · RAC1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1) is a gene that drives cell growth when it is altered. The public catalogues list it as a drug target, an oncogene driver and a biomarker, and clinical evidence ties its variants to diagnosis, prognosis or drug response. Tied to Skin cancer, Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and Melanoma.
- 1 · What it is
RAC1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1) is a gene that drives cell growth when it is altered. The public catalogues list it as a drug target, an oncogene driver and a biomarker, and clinical evidence ties its variants to diagnosis, prognosis or drug response. Tied to Skin cancer, Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and Melanoma.
- 2 · What goes wrong in cancer
Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states.
- 3 · How drugs use it
No product in this corpus aims at RAC1 yet. Drugs fit a pocket that exists only in one shape of the mutant protein and hold it there, off.
External identifiers
Sources: HGNC HGNC:9801 (approved symbol, name, aliases, locus and cross-references (hgnc_complete_set.txt)); UniProt P63000 (protein name, function text, keywords and locations (REST API)); CIViC gene RAC1 (3 evidence items, 0 assertions, 1 variants; diseases: Melanoma, Skin Melanoma (GraphQL API, CC0)); Open Targets ENSG00000136238 (association with cancer (MONDO_0004992) 0.78; per-cancer scores at or above 0.5: melanoma 0.71, skin cancer 0.69 (GraphQL API, CC0)); IntOGen RAC1 (driver in 5 cohorts (Act 5, LoF 0); Compendium_Cancer_Genes.tsv release 20240920, CC0 1.0)
Biology
Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, epithelial cell polarisation, neurons adhesion, migration and differentiation, and growth-factor induced formation of membrane ruffles. Rac1 p21/rho GDI heterodimer is the active component of the cytosolic factor sigma 1, which is involved in stimulation of the NADPH oxidase activity in macrophages. Essential for the SPATA13-mediated regulation of cell migration and adhesion assembly and disassembly. Stimulates PKN2 kinase activity. In concert with RAB7A, plays a role in regulating the formation of RBs (ruffled borders) in osteoclasts. Location: Cell membrane; Melanosome; Cytoplasm; Cell projection, lamellipodium (UniProt). Locus 7p22.1 (HGNC).
- Skin cancer: Open Targets association 0.69 with skin cancer (MONDO_0002898)
- Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: IntOGen driver in 1 cohort (HNSC)
- Melanoma: Open Targets association 0.71 with melanoma (MONDO_0005105); CIViC evidence names this disease
Notes
top- Written by scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts from CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC and UniProt; the function text is UniProt's, condensed and in UK spelling. Roles: CIViC lists 3 therapies; IntOGen calls it an activating (Act) driver in 5 cohorts; CIViC holds 3 clinical evidence items on its variants. Evidence tier "clinical-evidence" is the strongest of those signals.
- Prevalence not recorded: none of the sources gives a positivity rate.
Latest papers
topQuery for this target: (TITLE:"RAC1" OR ABSTRACT:"RAC1" OR TITLE:"Rac family small GTPase 1" OR ABSTRACT:"Rac family small GTPase 1" OR TITLE:"Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1" OR ABSTRACT:"Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1" OR TITLE:"TC-25" OR ABSTRACT:"TC-25" OR TITLE:"p21-Rac1" OR ABSTRACT:"p21-Rac1" OR TITLE:"Rac-1" OR ABSTRACT:"Rac-1") AND (cancer OR tumor OR tumour OR oncology OR carcinoma OR lymphoma OR leukemia OR leukaemia OR myeloma OR sarcoma OR melanoma OR glioma). Results are unfiltered search hits about RAC1, not a curated reading list.