Humanised mouse models
Immunodeficient mice given a human immune system from stem cells, so human immunotherapies and CAR-T cells can be tested against human tumours in a living animal.
Overview
Immunodeficient strains such as NSG and NOG accept human cells. Engrafting human CD34-positive haematopoietic stem cells or peripheral blood cells gives the mice a partly human immune system, which allows patient-derived tumours to be studied with human checkpoint inhibitors, bispecifics and cell therapies. Incomplete immune development, graft-versus-host disease with mature cells and high cost limit their use, and newer strains express human cytokines to improve myeloid and NK cell reconstitution.
How it works
Immunodeficient mice are irradiated and engrafted with human haematopoietic stem cells or lymphocytes, then implanted with human tumour cells or patient-derived xenografts.
- Human immune-tumour interaction in vivo
- Test agents that do not cross-react with mouse targets
- Incomplete immune reconstitution
- Graft-versus-host disease
- Expensive and variable
Latest papers
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