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In 50,045 adults followed for a median of ten years in north-east Iran, regular opium use was linked to more cancers of the gullet, stomach, lung, bladder and voice box, rising with dose.
The Golestan Cohort Study enrolled 50,045 people aged 40 to 75 in north-east Iran and recorded opium use, diet, lifestyle and other exposures with validated questionnaires at enrolment. Over a median ten years of follow-up, 1,833 were diagnosed with cancer, and proportional hazards models estimated the association between opium use and each cancer. The study was funded by World Cancer Research Fund International, Cancer Research UK, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, the US National Cancer Institute and the International Agency for Research on Cancer.
With the International Agency for Research on Cancer's 2020 classification of opium consumption as carcinogenic to humans, it makes opium a cancer-prevention target in Iran alongside tobacco.
Shares Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran, Oesophageal cancer, Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer.
Shares Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran, Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer, Lung cancer (all types).
Shares International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC / WHO), Oesophageal cancer, Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer.
Shares International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC / WHO), Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer.
Shares International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC / WHO), Oesophageal cancer, Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer.
Shares International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC / WHO), Oesophageal cancer, Gastric & gastro-oesophageal junction cancer.
Shares International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC / WHO), Oesophageal cancer.
Shares International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC / WHO), Oesophageal cancer.
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