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Emil J Freireich

At the NCI in the early 1960s he and Emil Frei gave children four drugs at once, VAMP, against fierce opposition, and turned a uniformly fatal leukaemia into a curable one. He also worked out platelet transfusion.

Emil J Freireich (1927-2021) joined the National Cancer Institute in 1955 and, with Emil Frei and James Holland, took on childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia when single drugs produced only brief remissions. He established that bleeding deaths were caused by low platelets and that fresh platelet transfusions prevented them, making intensive chemotherapy survivable. In 1961-62 he and Frei devised VAMP, giving vincristine, amethopterin (methotrexate), 6-mercaptopurine and prednisone together in full doses, a regimen colleagues thought reckless; it produced long remissions and the first cures. He moved to MD Anderson in 1965, where he built the Department of Developmental Therapeutics and trained a generation of leukaemia physicians, and he continued to see patients into his nineties.

Role
Pioneer of combination chemotherapy and the cure of childhood leukaemia
Specialisms
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemiaCombination chemotherapySupportive care

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