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Aldoxorubicin is doxorubicin, the workhorse chemotherapy nicknamed the red devil, attached to a linker that hitches it to the body's own albumin so more reaches the tumour and less reaches the heart; it beat doxorubicin in a randomised phase 2 sarcoma trial but missed the primary endpoint of its phase 3, and a new company is now trying to finish its development.

The phase 3 that was meant to bring the tumour-targeted doxorubicin aldoxorubicin to market: it did not meet its primary endpoint of progression-free survival.

Anetumab ravtansine was the first antibody-drug conjugate tested in a randomised trial in mesothelioma, aimed at the mesothelin protein that nearly all mesotheliomas carry; it was no better than vinorelbine chemotherapy as second-line treatment, and is now being tried with pembrolizumab.

The first randomised test of an antibody-drug conjugate in mesothelioma: no better than vinorelbine, which is why no ADC is approved for this cancer.

Anocca is a Swedish cell-therapy company building T-cell receptor therapies (TCR-T) that recognise targets from inside cancer cells, with a lab platform that replicates T-cell biology and software to pick the targets.

The first dedicated immunotherapy trial in NUT carcinoma, asking whether a PD-1 antibody can do anything in a cancer that chemotherapy rarely controls.

Gemini Therapeutics is a startup with a single purpose: finishing the development of aldoxorubicin, a tumour-targeted form of doxorubicin, founded after the GitLab co-founder Sid Sijbrandij was treated with doxorubicin for osteosarcoma.

The trial asking whether proton beams can deliver radiotherapy to the whole lining of one side of the chest in mesothelioma without the collateral damage that has kept hemithoracic radiotherapy out of routine care.

The one trial still testing an antibody-drug conjugate in mesothelioma, combining it with PD-1 blockade on the theory that payload-induced cell death primes an immune response.

The randomised trial that made treating a handful of metastases with pinpoint radiotherapy respectable: survival was longer with SABR, and at five years more than twice as many patients were alive.

SciRouter is a prevention-first longevity start-up founded by Ryan Bethencourt that sells plant-based daily supplements for people, dogs and cats, and frames cancer and age-related decline as engineering problems to be prevented rather than treated.

The attempt to move the EZH2 inhibitor tazemetostat into first-line epithelioid sarcoma alongside doxorubicin; the safety run-in enrolled 25 patients and the study was stopped, leaving the accelerated approval without its confirmatory trial.

The trial meant to settle a thirty-year argument: whether men whose germ cell tumour comes back after cisplatin should get standard salvage chemotherapy or high-dose chemotherapy with a stem cell transplant.

ZEN-3694 is a BET inhibitor from Zenith Epigenetics being tested in NUT carcinoma, where the cancer's driving fusion is itself a BET protein, and in prostate and breast cancers.

A chemotherapy-free combination for NUT carcinoma: a BET inhibitor with a CDK4/6 inhibitor, on the reasoning that both act on the MYC-driven growth programme the fusion switches on.

The main open trial for NUT carcinoma, pairing a BET inhibitor that attacks the BRD4-NUT fusion directly with the platinum chemotherapy patients would otherwise receive alone.