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2 treatment settings, 1 with more than one named option. Each section lays out the options the standard of care names, what each is for, the trials behind them with their recorded results, the side effects and cautions on record, and questions to ask. Built from the cancer page's standard-of-care rows; nothing here is advice for your case.
The cells look like plasma cells and the surface markers agree with that appearance, so the differential diagnosis includes myeloma with plasmablastic features rather than other lymphomas. What separates them is the clinical picture: a rapidly growing mass, usually in the mouth or jaw or the gut, in a younger person, often with HIV, with Epstein-Barr virus in the cells and a very high proliferation index. HIV testing belongs in every work-up.
Histopathology means looking at cancer cells under a microscope, and immunohistochemistry stains them for specific proteins. Together they are still the foundation of every diagnosis.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
Combination chemotherapy more intensive than standard immunochemotherapy, because there is no CD20 for rituximab to attach to, together with antiretroviral therapy where there is HIV. In the two large United States analyses, HIV status did not affect survival once treatment was given. Drugs used in myeloma, such as bortezomib and lenalidomide, have been added in case series on the basis of the phenotype rather than on randomised evidence. The regimens are in the treatment layer of this family and on the HIV-associated lymphoma page.
Bortezomib was the first proteasome inhibitor: it jams the cell's protein-recycling machine, which antibody-factory plasma cells cannot tolerate.
Lenalidomide is a thalidomide descendant that glues the proteins IKZF1 and IKZF3 to cereblon so the cell destroys them, killing plasma cells and rousing T cells. It is the backbone of myeloma treatment and maintenance, also used in mantle cell and follicular lymphoma, and generic since 2022.
Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating chemotherapy that damages DNA in dividing cells. It is part of CHOP for lymphoma, AC for breast cancer and VAC for childhood sarcomas, clears lymphocytes before CAR-T and prevents graft-versus-host disease after transplant; bladder bleeding, infertility and secondary leukaemia are its harms.
The red chemotherapy drug from a soil bacterium that is still the backbone of treatment for sarcoma, lymphoma and breast cancer, limited by cumulative heart damage.
Etoposide is a chemotherapy from the mayapple plant, essential to curing testicular cancer (BEP), treating small-cell lung cancer, lymphomas, childhood sarcomas and leukaemias, and used in transplant conditioning.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.