Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in cancer
The common glandular-fever virus, carried lifelong by most adults, which in a minority of people drives nasopharyngeal cancer, some stomach cancers and several lymphomas.
EBV infects B cells and epithelium; it causes nearly all nasopharyngeal carcinoma (endemic in southern China), about 9% of gastric cancers (a TCGA subtype with high PD-L1 and immunotherapy sensitivity), Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma in part, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease and NK/T-cell lymphoma. Plasma EBV DNA screens for and monitors nasopharyngeal cancer; EBV-specific T cells (tabelecleucel) treat post-transplant lymphoma; EBV vaccines are in early trials. EBER in situ hybridisation is the tissue test.
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