HIV-associated (AIDS-related) lymphomas
People living with HIV have a raised risk of aggressive lymphomas, driven by immune suppression and viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus. The transformation of the last two decades is that, with antiretroviral therapy continued through treatment, these lymphomas are treated with the same full-dose chemotherapy and antibody regimens as in anyone else, with similar chances of cure.
Overview
HIV-associated lymphomas are mostly aggressive B-cell lymphomas: diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (including immunoblastic and CNS variants), Burkitt lymphoma, and two entities almost specific to immunosuppression, primary effusion lymphoma (HHV-8-driven, presenting as effusions without a mass) and plasmablastic lymphoma (EBV-associated, often oral). Primary CNS lymphoma in HIV is uniformly EBV-positive and occurs at very low CD4 counts. Classical Hodgkin lymphoma is also several-fold more common in people with HIV and, unlike NHL, its incidence has not declined with antiretroviral therapy. Pathogenesis combines loss of immune surveillance of EBV and HHV-8, chronic B-cell activation, and the same oncogenic events seen in immunocompetent patients (MYC translocations in Burkitt, BCL6 rearrangements).
The pre-1996 approach of dose-reduced chemotherapy has been replaced by full-dose, curative-intent therapy alongside antiretroviral therapy, with attention to drug interactions (ritonavir- and cobicistat-boosted regimens interfere with vinca alkaloids and other agents) and infection prophylaxis. The AIDS Malignancy Consortium (AMC) trials established that rituximab is safe and beneficial when CD4 counts exceed 50 cells per microlitre (AMC 034), that R-CHOP or dose-adjusted EPOCH-R cures HIV-associated DLBCL at rates approaching those in HIV-negative patients, and that intensive Burkitt regimens or DA-EPOCH-R are effective in HIV-associated Burkitt lymphoma. Autologous transplant for relapse is feasible (BMT CTN 0803 / AMC 071), and CAR-T therapy has been given safely to people with HIV in case series and is now permitted in most CAR-T trials, reversing decades of routine exclusion. Hodgkin lymphoma is treated with ABVD or brentuximab-based regimens as in the general population.
The open fronts are HHV-8-driven disease (primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman disease, where response to standard chemotherapy is poor and pomalidomide and anti-IL-6 approaches are studied), the plasmablastic lymphoma subset (bortezomib-containing regimens, daratumumab), CNS lymphoma at low CD4 counts, and access in sub-Saharan Africa where most HIV-associated lymphoma now occurs.
State of the art today
- Full-dose immunochemotherapy with antiretroviral therapy gives cure rates approaching those in HIV-negative patients; the era of dose reduction is over.
- Rituximab, once feared for infection risk, is standard when CD4 counts exceed 50, on the basis of AMC 034.
- Autologous transplant and CAR-T are feasible in people with HIV; the NCI and FDA have pushed to end blanket exclusion of people with HIV from cancer trials.
- The unsolved entities are HHV-8-driven and plasmablastic lymphomas and CNS lymphoma at very low CD4 counts; the AMC runs dedicated trials.
Where it starts and where it drains
Leukaemias, myeloma and MDS live in the marrow and blood; lymphomas grow in lymph nodes and spleen. The node stations are the disease map, not a route of spread, and staging counts them.
- Bone marrow (leukaemia, MDS, MPN, myeloma)Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (including immunoblastic) · Burkitt lymphoma · Plasmablastic lymphoma (EBV, MYC) · Polymorphic lymphoproliferative disorders resembling PTLD
- Lymph node germinal centre (lymphomas)Plasmablastic lymphoma (EBV, MYC) · Primary CNS lymphoma in HIV (EBV-positive) · Classical Hodgkin lymphoma in HIV
- Spleen
- Blood (leukaemic phase)
- Lytic bone lesions (myeloma)
- Skin and extranodal sitesPrimary CNS lymphoma in HIV (EBV-positive)
- cervical
- axillary
- mediastinal
- para-aortic and mesenteric
- inguinal
In lymphoma the node stations are the disease itself; staging (Ann Arbor / Lugano) counts how many regions and sides of the diaphragm are involved.
Same organ: Acute myeloid leukaemia, Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Follicular lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, Mantle cell lymphoma, Multiple myeloma, Myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms (MDS), Myeloproliferative neoplasms (PV, ET, myelofibrosis), Waldenström macroglobulinaemia, Hairy cell leukaemia, Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (including cutaneous T-cell lymphoma), Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN), Burkitt lymphoma, Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia and MDS/MPN overlap neoplasms, Systemic mastocytosis, Erdheim-Chester disease, Rosai-Dorfman disease and other histiocytic neoplasms, Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD)
Lymphoma is the most common AIDS-defining cancer in the antiretroviral era; incidence has fallen many-fold since 1996 but remains several times higher than in the general population, and Hodgkin lymphoma incidence in people with HIV has not fallen (NCI; CDC).
- AI in radiologyEstablished
- cfDNA fragmentomicsEstablished
- Colorectal cancer screening (colonoscopy, FIT, stool DNA, blood)Standard of care
- DNA methylation profilingEstablished
- HCC surveillance in cirrhosis (ultrasound + AFP)Standard of care
- High-risk pancreatic surveillance (CAPS / PRECEDE)Established
- A 28-day national pathway for people with a positive multi-cancer blood test
- A breath test to rule out cancer in people with vague symptoms
- A cancer blood test for older people arriving at A&E with unexplained symptoms
- A legislated, publicly reported 28-day standard from urgent referral to diagnosis
- A live national dashboard of stage at diagnosis as the scorecard for early detection
- A single 'cancer check at 60' appointment bundling all screening tests
Background: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), Barrett's oesophagus, CA 19-9, Early detection, Faecal immunochemical test (FIT). Also on OnCo: Symptoms and red flags · Early detection roadmap.
Where the cases are
No country-level case numbers. This cancer is not mapped to a GLOBOCAN site.
R-CHOP or dose-adjusted EPOCH-R at full dose with concurrent antiretroviral therapy (avoiding boosted protease inhibitors or cobicistat where possible), G-CSF support and opportunistic-infection prophylaxis; CNS prophylaxis by risk.
Intensive Burkitt regimens (CODOX-M/IVAC with rituximab) in fit patients, or DA-EPOCH-R (low-intensity variant studied in HIV); intrathecal prophylaxis.
CHOP or EPOCH-based chemotherapy with antiretroviral therapy; bortezomib-containing regimens for plasmablastic; clinical trials (pomalidomide, daratumumab, anti-IL-6).
Salvage chemotherapy and autologous transplant (feasible with controlled HIV; BMT CTN 0803); CD19 CAR-T on the same criteria as HIV-negative patients; bispecific antibodies emerging.
ABVD or brentuximab-based regimens as for the general population, with antiretroviral therapy.
Subtypes & biomarkers
top- Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (including immunoblastic)
- Burkitt lymphoma
- Primary effusion lymphoma (HHV-8)
- Plasmablastic lymphoma (EBV, MYC)
- Primary CNS lymphoma in HIV (EBV-positive)
- Classical Hodgkin lymphoma in HIV
- Polymorphic lymphoproliferative disorders resembling PTLD
- CD4 count and HIV viral load at diagnosis
- EBV (EBER) and HHV-8 (LANA) in tumour tissue
- CD20 expression (rituximab eligibility; absent in plasmablastic and often in PEL)
- MYC, BCL2, BCL6 rearrangements (Burkitt vs double-hit)
- CSF EBV DNA and cytology (CNS involvement)
- Antiretroviral regimen and interaction profile
Target prevalence in this cancer
- 1982Lymphoma recognised as an AIDS-defining illness
Aggressive B-cell lymphoma in young men with AIDS reported; added to the CDC case definition in 1985.
- 1989HHV-8 and EBV linked to AIDS lymphomas
EBV in CNS lymphoma; HHV-8 (KSHV) identified in 1994 and linked to primary effusion lymphoma in 1995.
- 1996Combination antiretroviral therapy
Incidence of AIDS-related NHL falls sharply; survival after lymphoma improves as immune function is preserved.
- 2005Rituximab controversy
AMC 010 shows excess infection deaths with rituximab at very low CD4; later analyses restrict the risk to CD4 under 50.
- 2010AMC 034: rituximab with EPOCH is safe and effective
Sparano and colleagues (Blood 2010) establish concurrent R-EPOCH.
- 2019Autologous transplant in HIV lymphoma (BMT CTN 0803 / AMC 071)
Outcomes comparable to HIV-negative controls.
- 2021CAR-T therapy in people with HIV
Case series and the AMC-sponsored study show safety; trial eligibility broadened.
Open problems, and what is being done about each
Primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman disease respond poorly to chemotherapy; pomalidomide, anti-IL-6 and HHV-8-directed approaches are in AMC trials.
Plasmablastic lymphoma lacks CD20 and relapses early; bortezomib and daratumumab combinations are being tested.
and how the field plans to fix it →What is being done about thisRecurrence and residual diseaseAvailable now- EpcoritamabApproved
- Liquid biopsy (ctDNA)Standard of care
- MRD / molecular residual disease testingEstablished
- Multiparameter flow cytometry MRDStandard of care
- NGS-based MRD (clonoSEQ and molecular MRD)Standard of care
- SignateraEstablished
In trials- ADAURAPositive
- CAMBRIA-1 & CAMBRIA-2Recruiting
- CIRCULATE-Japan (GALAXY / VEGA / ALTAIR)Active
- ctDNA monitoring in lymphoma (PhasED-seq, clonoSEQ)Emerging
- DYNAMICPositive
- IMvigor011Positive
Ideas and roadmaps- A blood test for the pre-metastatic niche
- A bone marrow niche on a chip to study human dormancy
- A dedicated clinic for people whose blood test says the cancer is back
- A drug screen that only rewards killing sleeping cancer cells
- A national platform trial that every ctDNA-positive patient can join
- A national residual-disease weather service: serial blood tests for every curatively treated patient, pooled
Background: Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), Disseminated tumour cells (DTCs), Late recurrence, Minimal / molecular residual disease (MRD), MRD negativity (myeloma, 10⁻⁵ / 10⁻⁶). Also on OnCo: Treatment journeys · Survivorship planner.
CNS lymphoma at low CD4 counts remains hard to cure; high-dose methotrexate with antiretroviral therapy is now the approach rather than radiotherapy alone.
Most HIV-associated lymphoma now occurs in sub-Saharan Africa with limited access to rituximab, pathology and supportive care; global oncology programmes are the response.
and how the field plans to fix it →What is being done about thisCost and accessAvailable now- HPV & HBV vaccinationStandard of care
- ImatinibApproved
- Trastuzumab biosimilarsApproved
In trials- Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countriesEmerging
- Gefitinib vs gefitinib plus pemetrexed-carboplatin in EGFR-mutant lung cancer (Tata Memorial)Positive
- IARC India HPV vaccine dose study (one, two or three doses)Positive
- IMAGINE (varnimcabtagene autoleucel, Immuneel)Positive
- Low-dose nivolumab plus metronomic chemotherapy (Tata Memorial)Positive
- Low-dose olanzapine for cancer anorexia (Tata Memorial)Positive
Ideas and roadmaps- 90-day reliance approval for cancer drugs cleared by two stringent regulators
- A cheap old tablet to restore appetite
- A combination pricing rule so two-drug regimens are not priced as two monopolies
- A coordinated reserve and shared schedule for the world's medical isotope reactors
- A dedicated global financing window for cancer, modelled on the Global Fund
- A delinked market-entry reward paid by payers when a repurposed generic wins approval
Background: Accelerated approval, Biosimilar, Real-world evidence. Also on OnCo: Financial help and assistance navigator · Coverage by country · HTA decisions.
Trials
topRecruiting now (live from ClinicalTrials.gov)
Country and place are remembered in this browser only. A postcode is sent to OpenStreetMap's Nominatim service to find coordinates when you press the button; nothing else leaves your device.
Expert centres
topCentres linked to this cancer in OnCo
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- LYSA – The Lymphoma Study AssociationPierre-Bénite (Lyon), FRvia CAR-T cell therapy, Glofitamab, Axicabtagene ciloleucel
- via CAR-T cell therapy, Glofitamab
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Advanced Research Projects Agency for HealthWashington, DC, USvia CAR-T cell therapy
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New DelhiNew Delhi, INvia CAR-T cell therapy
- American Society of HematologyWashington, DC, USvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- BC CancerVancouver, BC, CAvia Brentuximab vedotin
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Cancer Research UK City of London CentreLondon, GBvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Central Drugs Standard Control OrganizationNew Delhi, INvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan Francisco, USvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia, PA, USvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, CNvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Christian Medical College, VelloreVellore, INvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- City of Hope Orange CountyIrvine, CA, USvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Cleveland Clinic Abu DhabiAbu Dhabi, AEvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX, USNCI comprehensivevia CAR-T cell therapy
- Department of Biotechnology, Government of IndiaNew Delhi, INvia CAR-T cell therapy
- European Hematology AssociationThe Hague, NLvia CAR-T cell therapy
- European Medicines AgencyAmsterdam, NLvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Geneva University Hospitals (HUG)Geneva, CHvia CAR-T cell therapy
- German Hodgkin Study GroupCologne, DEvia Brentuximab vedotin
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Hadassah Medical CenterJerusalem, ILvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhou, CNvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona / IDIBAPSBarcelona, ESvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Hospital Universitario 12 de OctubreMadrid, ESvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Indian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai, INvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Institut Paoli-CalmettesMarseille, FRvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- IRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilan, ITvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Juravinski Cancer Centre / Escarpment Cancer Research InstituteHamilton, ON, CAvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Max Healthcare (Max Institute of Cancer Care)New Delhi, INvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Narayana Health (Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre)Bengaluru, INvia CAR-T cell therapy
- National Cancer Centre SingaporeSingapore, SGvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbus, OH, USvia CAR-T cell therapy
- NCI Center for Cancer Research (intramural programme)Bethesda, MD, USvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Northwell Health Cancer InstituteNew Hyde Park, NY, USvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Parker Institute for Cancer ImmunotherapySan Francisco, USvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Peking University Cancer HospitalBeijing, CNvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Peking University People's HospitalBeijing, CNvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, CNvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Rigshospitalet – Copenhagen University HospitalCopenhagen, DKvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, CNvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Seoul St. Mary's HospitalSeoul, KRvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Sheba Medical CenterRamat Gan, ILvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol UniversityBangkok, THvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Society for Immunotherapy of CancerMilwaukee, WI, USvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei, TWvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology CenterHouston, TX, USvia CAR-T cell therapy
- The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation TrustLiverpool, GBvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Trinity St James's Cancer InstituteDublin, IEvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT)Frankfurt am Main, DEvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourne, AUvia Growth factors: G-CSF and febrile neutropenia prevention
- via Daratumumab
Questions to ask
topQuestions to ask your oncologist about HIV-associated (AIDS-related) lymphomas
Newly diagnosed
- What is my exact diagnosis, stage, and grade, and which tests established them?Why: Everything else follows from an accurate stage and subtype.
- Which biomarkers have been tested on my tumour (for example CD4 count and HIV viral load at diagnosis, EBVand HHV-8in tumour tissue, CD20 expression, MYC, BCL2, BCL6 rearrangements, CSF EBV DNA and cytology), and what were the results?Why: These results decide eligibility for targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and trials.
- Which subtype is my cancer, and does that change the recommended treatment?Why: Recognised subtypes for this cancer include Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, Primary effusion lymphoma.
- Is germline (inherited) genetic testing recommended for me or my family?Why: Inherited variants can change treatment and matter for relatives.
HIV-associated DLBCL
- For my situation (hiv-associated dlbcl), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?Why: Guideline options include: R-CHOP or dose-adjusted EPOCH-R at full dose with concurrent antiretroviral therapy (avoiding boosted protease inhibitors or cobicistat where possible), G-CSF support and opportunistic-infection prophylaxis; CNS prophylaxis by risk.
- Am I a candidate for Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin or related drugs, and what side effects should I expect?Why: Knowing the expected toxicities helps you plan work, family, and supportive care.
HIV-associated Burkitt lymphoma
- For my situation (hiv-associated burkitt lymphoma), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?Why: Guideline options include: Intensive Burkitt regimens (CODOX-M/IVAC with rituximab) in fit patients, or DA-EPOCH-R (low-intensity variant studied in HIV); intrathecal prophylaxis.
- Am I a candidate for Rituximab, Methotrexate, Cyclophosphamide or related drugs, and what side effects should I expect?Why: Knowing the expected toxicities helps you plan work, family, and supportive care.
Primary effusion and plasmablastic lymphoma
- For my situation (primary effusion and plasmablastic lymphoma), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?Why: Guideline options include: CHOP or EPOCH-based chemotherapy with antiretroviral therapy; bortezomib-containing regimens for plasmablastic; clinical trials (pomalidomide, daratumumab, anti-IL-6).
- Am I a candidate for Bortezomib, Daratumumab, Pomalidomide or related drugs, and what side effects should I expect?Why: Knowing the expected toxicities helps you plan work, family, and supportive care.
Relapsed or refractory
- For my situation (relapsed or refractory), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?Why: Guideline options include: Salvage chemotherapy and autologous transplant (feasible with controlled HIV; BMT CTN 0803); CD19 CAR-T on the same criteria as HIV-negative patients; bispecific antibodies emerging.
- Am I a candidate for Axicabtagene ciloleucel, Glofitamab, Epcoritamab, and what side effects should I expect?Why: Knowing the expected toxicities helps you plan work, family, and supportive care.
HIV-associated Hodgkin lymphoma
- For my situation (hiv-associated hodgkin lymphoma), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?Why: Guideline options include: ABVD or brentuximab-based regimens as for the general population, with antiretroviral therapy.
- Am I a candidate for Brentuximab vedotin, Doxorubicin, Bleomycin, and what side effects should I expect?Why: Knowing the expected toxicities helps you plan work, family, and supportive care.
Any stage
- Are there clinical trials I could join, for example of CAR-T cell therapy, Glofitamab, Epcoritamab, Daratumumab?Why: Trials are how the next standard of care is set; asking early keeps options open.
- Would a second opinion at a high-volume centre change anything, and can you help arrange it?Why: Rare or high-stakes decisions benefit from a centre that treats many similar patients.
- What supportive care (symptom control, nutrition, exercise, mental health, financial help) is available from the start?Why: Supportive care improves quality of life and helps patients complete treatment.
- I read that “Primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman disease respond poorly to chemotherapy; pomalidomide, anti-IL-6 and HHV-8-directed approaches are in AMC trials”. How does that affect my plan?Why: Open problems are where trials and second opinions matter most.
- I read that “Plasmablastic lymphoma lacks CD20 and relapses early; bortezomib and daratumumab combinations are being tested”. How does that affect my plan?Why: Open problems are where trials and second opinions matter most.
Print this page for your appointment (your browser's print command). These prompts are for discussion; your clinical team knows your case.
Direct links plus the targets, companies, and technologies of this cancer's products.
technologies
15targets
6drugs
14companies
10pathways
3terms
4bottlenecks
2Latest papers
topQuery for this cancer: (TITLE:"HIV-associated AIDS-related lymphomas" OR ABSTRACT:"HIV-associated AIDS-related lymphomas" OR TITLE:"AIDS-related lymphoma" OR ABSTRACT:"AIDS-related lymphoma" OR TITLE:"ARL" OR ABSTRACT:"ARL" OR TITLE:"Primary effusion lymphoma" OR ABSTRACT:"Primary effusion lymphoma" OR TITLE:"Plasmablastic lymphoma" OR ABSTRACT:"Plasmablastic lymphoma" OR TITLE:"HIV-associated Hodgkin lymphoma" OR ABSTRACT:"HIV-associated Hodgkin lymphoma") AND (treatment OR therapy OR trial OR survival OR diagnosis). Results are unfiltered search hits about HIV-associated (AIDS-related) lymphomas, not a curated reading list.
Pages like this
not linked directly; found by shared links- TrialInter-B-NHL Ritux 2010
Shares Etoposide, Burkitt lymphoma, Rituximab, Methotrexate and the tags nci-coverage, haematologic.
- CancerChronic myelomonocytic leukaemia and MDS/MPN overlap neoplasms
Shares the tags nci-coverage, rare, haematologic.
- CancerSystemic mastocytosis
Shares the tags nci-coverage, rare, haematologic.
- CancerErdheim-Chester disease, Rosai-Dorfman disease and other histiocytic neoplasms
Shares Etoposide, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin and the tags nci-coverage, rare, haematologic.
- CancerDesmoid tumour
Shares Methotrexate, Doxorubicin, Cytotoxic chemotherapy and the tags nci-coverage, rare.
- CancerPheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL)
Shares Vincristine, Cyclophosphamide, Cytotoxic chemotherapy and the tags nci-coverage, rare.
- CancerNasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancers (including esthesioneuroblastoma)
Shares Etoposide, Cytotoxic chemotherapy and the tags nci-coverage, rare.
- CancerEpithelioid sarcoma
Shares Doxorubicin, Cytotoxic chemotherapy and the tags nci-coverage, rare.