Burkitt lymphoma
Burkitt lymphoma is the fastest-growing human tumour, driven by a single rearrangement that switches on the MYC gene. That speed makes it exquisitely sensitive to chemotherapy: short, intense courses, now with the antibody rituximab, cure the great majority of children in well-resourced settings. The remaining task is to bring the same cure to the African children who make up most cases.
Overview
Burkitt lymphoma is a mature B-cell neoplasm defined by translocation of MYC to an immunoglobulin locus, most often t(8;14), with cooperating mutations in ID3, TCF3 and CCND3. It exists in three epidemiological forms: endemic (equatorial Africa and Papua New Guinea, almost always Epstein-Barr virus positive, linked to Plasmodium falciparum malaria, classically presenting in the jaw or abdomen), sporadic (worldwide, usually abdominal, EBV in a minority) and immunodeficiency-associated (HIV). The 2022 WHO classification separates EBV-positive and EBV-negative Burkitt lymphoma. Bone-marrow and CNS involvement define the highest-risk group and are common at presentation.
Treatment is short, dose-intense, CNS-directed multi-agent chemotherapy: the French LMB and German BFM regimens in children (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, high-dose methotrexate, cytarabine, etoposide, doxorubicin with intrathecal therapy), CODOX-M/IVAC or dose-adjusted EPOCH-R in adults. The Inter-B-NHL Ritux 2010 trial (NEJM 2020) showed that adding rituximab to LMB chemotherapy in high-risk children and adolescents improved event-free survival, making rituximab part of paediatric standard care. Tumour lysis syndrome at treatment start is a major hazard and rasburicase, hydration and a low-intensity pre-phase are integral to the protocols. Relapse is uncommon but very hard to treat; CD19 CAR-T and bispecific antibodies are being explored.
The global picture is stark: in sub-Saharan Africa, where most cases occur, cure rates are limited by late presentation, supportive-care capacity and the toxicity of intensive regimens. Cyclophosphamide-based and modified LMB regimens with rituximab (where affordable) have improved outcomes in Malawi, Uganda and elsewhere, and the AfriBL and other consortia are testing risk-adapted, resource-appropriate protocols. Burkitt lymphoma is therefore both a model of curable cancer and a test of whether cures can travel.
State of the art today
- Short intensive chemotherapy cures most children; rituximab added a further step in high-risk disease (Inter-B-NHL Ritux 2010).
- MYC translocation plus a small set of cooperating mutations make Burkitt one of the best-understood lymphomas at the genomic level.
- Dose-adjusted EPOCH-R has made adult and HIV-associated Burkitt lymphoma treatable with far less toxicity.
- The largest gap is geographical: most children with Burkitt lymphoma live where intensive protocols and supportive care are hard to deliver, and adapted regimens are closing the gap.
Where it starts and where it drains
Leukaemias, myeloma and MDS live in the marrow and blood; lymphomas grow in lymph nodes and spleen. The node stations are the disease map, not a route of spread, and staging counts them.
- Bone marrow (leukaemia, MDS, MPN, myeloma)Burkitt leukaemia (more than 25% marrow blasts) · High-grade B-cell lymphoma with 11q aberration (Burkitt-like, MYC-negative)
- Lymph node germinal centre (lymphomas)Endemic (EBV-positive, malaria-associated) · High-grade B-cell lymphoma with 11q aberration (Burkitt-like, MYC-negative)
- Spleen
- Blood (leukaemic phase)
- Lytic bone lesions (myeloma)
- Skin and extranodal sites
- cervical
- axillary
- mediastinal
- para-aortic and mesenteric
- inguinal
In lymphoma the node stations are the disease itself; staging (Ann Arbor / Lugano) counts how many regions and sides of the diaphragm are involved.
Same organ: Acute myeloid leukaemia, Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Follicular lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, Mantle cell lymphoma, Multiple myeloma, Myelodysplastic syndromes / neoplasms (MDS), Myeloproliferative neoplasms (PV, ET, myelofibrosis), Waldenström macroglobulinaemia, Hairy cell leukaemia, Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (including cutaneous T-cell lymphoma), Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN), HIV-associated (AIDS-related) lymphomas, Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia and MDS/MPN overlap neoplasms, Systemic mastocytosis, Erdheim-Chester disease, Rosai-Dorfman disease and other histiocytic neoplasms, Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD)
The most common childhood cancer in equatorial Africa and the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma of children worldwide; rare in adults (NCI PDQ).
- AI in radiologyEstablished
- cfDNA fragmentomicsEstablished
- Colorectal cancer screening (colonoscopy, FIT, stool DNA, blood)Standard of care
- DNA methylation profilingEstablished
- HCC surveillance in cirrhosis (ultrasound + AFP)Standard of care
- High-risk pancreatic surveillance (CAPS / PRECEDE)Established
- A 28-day national pathway for people with a positive multi-cancer blood test
- A breath test to rule out cancer in people with vague symptoms
- A cancer blood test for older people arriving at A&E with unexplained symptoms
- A legislated, publicly reported 28-day standard from urgent referral to diagnosis
- A live national dashboard of stage at diagnosis as the scorecard for early detection
- A single 'cancer check at 60' appointment bundling all screening tests
Background: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), Barrett's oesophagus, CA 19-9, Early detection, Faecal immunochemical test (FIT). Also on OnCo: Symptoms and red flags · Early detection roadmap.
Where the cases are
No country-level case numbers. This cancer is not mapped to a GLOBOCAN site.
Risk-stratified LMB or BFM regimen with intrathecal therapy; rituximab added for high-risk (stage III with high LDH, stage IV, leukaemic) disease per Inter-B-NHL Ritux 2010; low-intensity pre-phase and tumour lysis prophylaxis.
Dose-adjusted EPOCH-R (lower toxicity, effective in older and HIV-positive patients) or CODOX-M/IVAC-R or hyper-CVAD-R; CNS prophylaxis in all.
Cyclophosphamide-based or modified LMB regimens with intrathecal therapy, adding rituximab where available; investment in supportive care (transfusion, antimicrobials, tumour lysis management) is the main lever.
No standard; salvage chemotherapy with autologous or allogeneic transplant in responders, CD19 CAR-T and bispecific antibodies in trials.
Subtypes & biomarkers
top- Endemic (EBV-positive, malaria-associated)
- Sporadic
- Immunodeficiency-associated (HIV)
- Burkitt leukaemia (more than 25% marrow blasts)
- High-grade B-cell lymphoma with 11q aberration (Burkitt-like, MYC-negative)
- MYC rearrangement (t(8;14), t(2;8), t(8;22)) by FISH
- EBV status (EBER)
- Ki-67 near 100%
- ID3, TCF3, CCND3 mutations
- Lactate dehydrogenase and uric acid (tumour lysis risk)
- Bone marrow and cerebrospinal-fluid involvement (stage IV / leukaemic)
Target prevalence in this cancer
- 1958Denis Burkitt describes the jaw tumour of African children
Later maps its distribution to the malaria belt.
- 1964Epstein-Barr virus discovered in Burkitt lymphoma cells
Epstein, Achong and Barr identify the first human tumour virus.
- 1972t(8;14) translocation identified (Manolov and Manolova)
- 1982MYC mapped to the translocation breakpoint
Dalla-Favera and Taub show MYC is juxtaposed to the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus.
- 1990LMB89 establishes short intensive therapy
French SFOP protocol cures most children including stage IV.
- 2012Genomic landscape: ID3, TCF3 and CCND3
Schmitz and Richter (Nature, Nature Genetics) define the cooperating mutations.
- 2020Inter-B-NHL Ritux 2010: rituximab improves outcomes in children
Minard-Colin and colleagues (NEJM 2020).
Open problems, and what is being done about each
Relapsed Burkitt lymphoma is rarely curable; CD19-directed CAR-T and bispecifics are being tested.
and how the field plans to fix it →What is being done about thisRecurrence and residual diseaseAvailable now- Liquid biopsy (ctDNA)Standard of care
- MRD / molecular residual disease testingEstablished
- Multiparameter flow cytometry MRDStandard of care
- NGS-based MRD (clonoSEQ and molecular MRD)Standard of care
- SignateraEstablished
- Structured exercise programmes after curative treatmentEstablished
In trials- ADAURAPositive
- CAMBRIA-1 & CAMBRIA-2Recruiting
- CIRCULATE-Japan (GALAXY / VEGA / ALTAIR)Active
- ctDNA monitoring in lymphoma (PhasED-seq, clonoSEQ)Emerging
- DYNAMICPositive
- IMvigor011Positive
Ideas and roadmaps- A blood test for the pre-metastatic niche
- A bone marrow niche on a chip to study human dormancy
- A dedicated clinic for people whose blood test says the cancer is back
- A drug screen that only rewards killing sleeping cancer cells
- A national platform trial that every ctDNA-positive patient can join
- A national residual-disease weather service: serial blood tests for every curatively treated patient, pooled
Background: Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), Disseminated tumour cells (DTCs), Late recurrence, Minimal / molecular residual disease (MRD), MRD negativity (myeloma, 10⁻⁵ / 10⁻⁶). Also on OnCo: Treatment journeys · Survivorship planner.
Cure rates in sub-Saharan Africa remain far below high-income countries; adapted protocols, rituximab access and supportive-care investment are the response.
and how the field plans to fix it →What is being done about thisCost and accessAvailable now- HPV & HBV vaccinationStandard of care
- ImatinibApproved
- Trastuzumab biosimilarsApproved
In trials- Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countriesEmerging
- Gefitinib vs gefitinib plus pemetrexed-carboplatin in EGFR-mutant lung cancer (Tata Memorial)Positive
- IARC India HPV vaccine dose study (one, two or three doses)Positive
- IMAGINE (varnimcabtagene autoleucel, Immuneel)Positive
- Low-dose nivolumab plus metronomic chemotherapy (Tata Memorial)Positive
- Low-dose olanzapine for cancer anorexia (Tata Memorial)Positive
Ideas and roadmaps- 90-day reliance approval for cancer drugs cleared by two stringent regulators
- A cheap old tablet to restore appetite
- A combination pricing rule so two-drug regimens are not priced as two monopolies
- A coordinated reserve and shared schedule for the world's medical isotope reactors
- A dedicated global financing window for cancer, modelled on the Global Fund
- A delinked market-entry reward paid by payers when a repurposed generic wins approval
Background: Accelerated approval, Biosimilar, Real-world evidence. Also on OnCo: Financial help and assistance navigator · Coverage by country · HTA decisions.
Acute toxicity (tumour lysis, mucositis, infection) of intensive regimens, particularly in adults and the immunocompromised.
and how the field plans to fix it →What is being done about thisSide effects and quality of lifeAvailable now- Cardio-oncologyEstablished
- Exercise & lifestyle oncologyEstablished
- Geriatric assessmentEstablished
- IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam)Standard of care
- Oncology nutrition assessment and medical nutrition therapyEstablished
- Proton therapyEstablished
In trialsIdeas and roadmaps- A cheap old tablet to restore appetite
- A coordinated FLASH radiotherapy evidence programme with shared dose-rate standards
- A dedicated programme for cachexia and treatment toxicity research
- A dietitian in every gastrointestinal and head and neck tumour board
- A funded programme of organ-preservation trials to avoid radical surgery
- A lifelong late-effects registry linked to every treatment for adult survivors
Background: CTCAE toxicity grading (grade 3-4 adverse events), De-escalation, escalation and response-adapted therapy, Immune-related adverse events (irAEs), Quality of life, Toxicity grade. Also on OnCo: Side effects, symptom first · Immune-related side effects · Toxicity compare · Survivorship planner.
Late effects of anthracyclines and alkylators in survivors treated as children.
and how the field plans to fix it →What is being done about thisSide effects and quality of lifeAvailable now- Cardio-oncologyEstablished
- Exercise & lifestyle oncologyEstablished
- Geriatric assessmentEstablished
- IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam)Standard of care
- Oncology nutrition assessment and medical nutrition therapyEstablished
- Proton therapyEstablished
In trialsIdeas and roadmaps- A cheap old tablet to restore appetite
- A coordinated FLASH radiotherapy evidence programme with shared dose-rate standards
- A dedicated programme for cachexia and treatment toxicity research
- A dietitian in every gastrointestinal and head and neck tumour board
- A funded programme of organ-preservation trials to avoid radical surgery
- A lifelong late-effects registry linked to every treatment for adult survivors
Background: CTCAE toxicity grading (grade 3-4 adverse events), De-escalation, escalation and response-adapted therapy, Immune-related adverse events (irAEs), Quality of life, Toxicity grade. Also on OnCo: Side effects, symptom first · Immune-related side effects · Toxicity compare · Survivorship planner.
Trials
topRecruiting now (live from ClinicalTrials.gov)
Country and place are remembered in this browser only. A postcode is sent to OpenStreetMap's Nominatim service to find coordinates when you press the button; nothing else leaves your device.
Landmark trials in OnCo
Expert centres
topCentres linked to this cancer in OnCo
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- via Inter-B-NHL Ritux 2010
- via MYC
- via MYC
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterSan Francisco, USNewsweek oncology #33NCI comprehensivevia MYC
- via Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- via CAR-T cell therapy, Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New DelhiNew Delhi, INvia CAR-T cell therapy, Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- Children's Oncology Group (COG)Monrovia, CA, USvia this cancer, Inter-B-NHL Ritux 2010
- Christian Medical College, VelloreVellore, INvia CAR-T cell therapy, Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- Juravinski Cancer Centre / Escarpment Cancer Research InstituteHamilton, ON, CAvia CAR-T cell therapy, Allogeneic stem cell transplantation
- via this cancer, Inter-B-NHL Ritux 2010
- Uganda Cancer InstituteKampala, UGvia this cancer, Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Advanced Research Projects Agency for HealthWashington, DC, USvia CAR-T cell therapy
- American Society of HematologyWashington, DC, USvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Butaro Cancer Center of ExcellenceButaro, RWvia Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Cancer Institute (WIA), AdyarChennai, INvia Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- via Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- Cancer Research UK City of London CentreLondon, GBvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Central Drugs Standard Control OrganizationNew Delhi, INvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan Francisco, USvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- via Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia, PA, USvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, CNvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- City of Hope Orange CountyIrvine, CA, USvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Cleveland Clinic Abu DhabiAbu Dhabi, AEvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via MYC
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX, USNCI comprehensivevia CAR-T cell therapy
- Department of Biotechnology, Government of IndiaNew Delhi, INvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Dharmais National Cancer CenterJakarta, IDvia Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- European Hematology AssociationThe Hague, NLvia CAR-T cell therapy
- European Medicines AgencyAmsterdam, NLvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via Allogeneic stem cell transplantation
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Geneva University Hospitals (HUG)Geneva, CHvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Groote Schuur Hospital / University of Cape TownCape Town, ZAvia Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- Hadassah Medical CenterJerusalem, ILvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhou, CNvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Ho Chi Minh City Oncology HospitalHo Chi Minh City, VNvia Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre, VaranasiVaranasi, INvia Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona / IDIBAPSBarcelona, ESvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Hospital de Amor (Barretos Cancer Hospital)Barretos, BRvia Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Hospital Universitario 12 de OctubreMadrid, ESvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Indian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai, INvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer CenterIndianapolis, IN, USNCI comprehensivevia Allogeneic stem cell transplantation
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Institut National d'Oncologie, RabatRabat, MAvia Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- Institut Paoli-CalmettesMarseille, FRvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Institut Salah AzaïezTunis, TNvia Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA)Rio de Janeiro, BRvia Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- via Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (Mexico)Mexico City, MXvia Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- via Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- via Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- IRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilan, ITvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Kenyatta National HospitalNairobi, KEvia Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- Kidwai Memorial Institute of OncologyBengaluru, INvia Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- King Hussein Cancer CenterAmman, JOvia Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- Korle Bu Teaching HospitalAccra, GHvia Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- Lagos University Teaching HospitalLagos, NGvia Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- LYSA – The Lymphoma Study AssociationPierre-Bénite (Lyon), FRvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via Allogeneic stem cell transplantation
- Max Healthcare (Max Institute of Cancer Care)New Delhi, INvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Narayana Health (Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre)Bengaluru, INvia CAR-T cell therapy
- National Cancer Centre SingaporeSingapore, SGvia CAR-T cell therapy
- National Cancer Grid of IndiaMumbai, INvia Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- via Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- National Health Authority (Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY)New Delhi, INvia Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbus, OH, USvia CAR-T cell therapy
- NCI Center for Cancer Research (intramural programme)Bethesda, MD, USvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Northwell Health Cancer InstituteNew Hyde Park, NY, USvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Ocean Road Cancer InstituteDar es Salaam, TZvia Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- Parker Institute for Cancer ImmunotherapySan Francisco, USvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Peking University Cancer HospitalBeijing, CNvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Peking University People's HospitalBeijing, CNvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Philippine General HospitalManila, PHvia Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, CNvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Rigshospitalet – Copenhagen University HospitalCopenhagen, DKvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, CNvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Seoul St. Mary's HospitalSeoul, KRvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Sheba Medical CenterRamat Gan, ILvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol UniversityBangkok, THvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Society for Immunotherapy of CancerMilwaukee, WI, USvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Taipei Veterans General HospitalTaipei, TWvia CAR-T cell therapy
- Tata Medical Center, KolkataKolkata, INvia Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology CenterHouston, TX, USvia CAR-T cell therapy
- The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation TrustLiverpool, GBvia CAR-T cell therapy
- The new AIIMS network (PMSSY)New Delhi, INvia Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- Trinity St James's Cancer InstituteDublin, IEvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- University Cancer Center Frankfurt (UCT)Frankfurt am Main, DEvia CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- via CAR-T cell therapy
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer CenterBaltimore, MD, USNCI comprehensivevia Allogeneic stem cell transplantation
- via Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries
Questions to ask
topQuestions to ask your oncologist about Burkitt lymphoma
Newly diagnosed
- What is my exact diagnosis, stage, and grade, and which tests established them?Why: Everything else follows from an accurate stage and subtype.
- Which biomarkers have been tested on my tumour (for example MYC rearrangement, t, t) by FISH, EBV status, Ki-67 near 100%, ID3, TCF3, CCND3 mutations, Lactate dehydrogenase and uric acid), and what were the results?Why: These results decide eligibility for targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and trials.
- Which subtype is my cancer, and does that change the recommended treatment?Why: Recognised subtypes for this cancer include Endemic, Sporadic, Immunodeficiency-associated.
- Is germline (inherited) genetic testing recommended for me or my family?Why: Inherited variants can change treatment and matter for relatives.
Children and adolescents, all stages
- For my situation (children and adolescents, all stages), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?Why: Guideline options include: Risk-stratified LMB or BFM regimen with intrathecal therapy; rituximab added for high-risk (stage III with high LDH, stage IV, leukaemic) disease per Inter-B-NHL Ritux 2010; low-intensity pre-phase and tumour lysis prophylaxis.
- Am I a candidate for Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate or related drugs, and what side effects should I expect?Why: Knowing the expected toxicities helps you plan work, family, and supportive care.
- How do the results of Inter-B-NHL Ritux 2010 apply to someone like me?Why: Trial populations differ from individual patients; ask how closely you match.
Adults
- For my situation (adults), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?Why: Guideline options include: Dose-adjusted EPOCH-R (lower toxicity, effective in older and HIV-positive patients) or CODOX-M/IVAC-R or hyper-CVAD-R; CNS prophylaxis in all.
- Am I a candidate for Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin or related drugs, and what side effects should I expect?Why: Knowing the expected toxicities helps you plan work, family, and supportive care.
Resource-limited settings
- For my situation (resource-limited settings), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?Why: Guideline options include: Cyclophosphamide-based or modified LMB regimens with intrathecal therapy, adding rituximab where available; investment in supportive care (transfusion, antimicrobials, tumour lysis management) is the main lever.
- Am I a candidate for Cyclophosphamide, and what side effects should I expect?Why: Knowing the expected toxicities helps you plan work, family, and supportive care.
Relapsed or refractory
- For my situation (relapsed or refractory), which of the standard options do you recommend and why?Why: Guideline options include: No standard; salvage chemotherapy with autologous or allogeneic transplant in responders, CD19 CAR-T and bispecific antibodies in trials.
Any stage
- Are there clinical trials I could join, for example of Inter-B-NHL Ritux 2010, CAR-T cell therapy, Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries?Why: Trials are how the next standard of care is set; asking early keeps options open.
- Would a second opinion at a high-volume centre change anything, and can you help arrange it?Why: Rare or high-stakes decisions benefit from a centre that treats many similar patients.
- What supportive care (symptom control, nutrition, exercise, mental health, financial help) is available from the start?Why: Supportive care improves quality of life and helps patients complete treatment.
- I read that “Relapsed Burkitt lymphoma is rarely curable; CD19-directed CAR-T and bispecifics are being tested”. How does that affect my plan?Why: Open problems are where trials and second opinions matter most.
- I read that “Cure rates in sub-Saharan Africa remain far below high-income countries; adapted protocols, rituximab access and supportive-care investment are the response”. How does that affect my plan?Why: Open problems are where trials and second opinions matter most.
Print this page for your appointment (your browser's print command). These prompts are for discussion; your clinical team knows your case.
Direct links plus the targets, companies, and technologies of this cancer's products.
technologies
9targets
3drugs
6companies
2institutions
3pathways
3terms
3trials
1bottlenecks
1Latest papers
topQuery for this cancer: (TITLE:"Burkitt lymphoma" OR ABSTRACT:"Burkitt lymphoma" OR TITLE:"Burkitt lymphoma/leukaemia" OR ABSTRACT:"Burkitt lymphoma/leukaemia" OR TITLE:"Endemic Burkitt lymphoma" OR ABSTRACT:"Endemic Burkitt lymphoma" OR TITLE:"Sporadic Burkitt lymphoma" OR ABSTRACT:"Sporadic Burkitt lymphoma" OR TITLE:"Immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt lymphoma" OR ABSTRACT:"Immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt lymphoma") AND (treatment OR therapy OR trial OR survival OR diagnosis). Results are unfiltered search hits about Burkitt lymphoma, not a curated reading list.
Pages like this
not linked directly; found by shared links- CancerLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH)
Shares SIOP Europe – European Society for Paediatric Oncology, Children's Oncology Group (COG), Cytotoxic chemotherapy and the tags nci-coverage, paediatric, haematologic.
- TrialCOG AAML0531
Shares Children's Oncology Group (COG) and the tags nci-coverage, paediatric, haematologic.
- CancerAtypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour (ATRT)
Shares SIOP Europe – European Society for Paediatric Oncology, MYC, Methotrexate, Vincristine and the tags nci-coverage, paediatric.
- TrialCOG AREN0533
Shares Etoposide, Vincristine, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin and the tags nci-coverage, paediatric.
- TrialEURAMOS-1
Shares SIOP Europe – European Society for Paediatric Oncology, Etoposide, Methotrexate, Doxorubicin and the tags nci-coverage, paediatric.
- CancerEpendymoma
Shares SIOP Europe – European Society for Paediatric Oncology, Etoposide, Vincristine, Cyclophosphamide and the tags nci-coverage, paediatric.
- CancerChildhood lung and airway tumours (pleuropulmonary blastoma, tracheobronchial tumours)
Shares SIOP Europe – European Society for Paediatric Oncology, Vincristine, Doxorubicin, Children's Oncology Group (COG) and the tags nci-coverage, paediatric.
- InstitutionACCELERATE
Shares SIOP Europe – European Society for Paediatric Oncology, Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and the tags nci-coverage, paediatric.