OnCo

CD28 is the second signal a T cell needs before it attacks. Many CAR-T cells carry a piece of CD28 inside them to fire harder, ipilimumab works by stopping CTLA-4 from hogging CD28's partners, and a new bispecific antibody presses CD28 directly on T cells that are already bound to prostate cancer cells. This dossier gathers the 1 product (0 approved), 1 trial, 0 pathways and 0 resistance routes in the corpus that involve it, with external identifiers so it can be joined to UniProt, ChEMBL, Open Targets and the rest of biology.

Biology

CD28 is constitutively expressed on T cells, and CD80 on antigen-presenting cells is its primary auxiliary signal (UniProt P33681). The bispecific approach costimulates only T cells whose other arm is already engaged with a tumour antigen, here PSMA.

Where it is found
  • T cells (constitutive); the costimulatory domain of CD19 CAR-T products
  • Prostate cancer (PSMA x CD28 bispecific JNJ-87189401)
Class: surface antigen · Gene: CD28 · Facts checked 2026-09-22 · Target page

External identifiers

Built from HGNC, Ensembl, UniProt and ChEMBL ids

Products by modality and phase

Browse products →
ModalityPhase 3
Bispecific antibody
1
1 trials
Trial
3Recruiting

Resistance routes

Unaddressed routes →

The resistance atlas has no route that names this target.

No pathway diagram carries this target as a node.

Companion diagnostics

Assay registry →

No companion diagnostic in the registry measures this target.

Preclinical models

All models →

No model entry for this target yet; check the cancer entries on the models page.

No open questions recorded for this target yet. Suggest one.

Ideas and companies

Ideas · 0
Companies · 1

Literature

Preprints →
Latest papers · live from Europe PMC
Open in Europe PMC

Query for this target: (TITLE:"CD28" OR ABSTRACT:"CD28" OR TITLE:"CD28 molecule" OR ABSTRACT:"CD28 molecule" OR TITLE:"CD28 costimulatory receptor" OR ABSTRACT:"CD28 costimulatory receptor") AND (cancer OR tumor OR tumour OR oncology OR carcinoma OR lymphoma OR leukemia OR leukaemia OR myeloma OR sarcoma OR melanoma OR glioma). Results are unfiltered search hits about CD28, not a curated reading list.

Export

The dossier as machine-readable JSON: identifiers from HGNC, Ensembl, UniProt and ChEMBL, products with status, trials, pathways, hotspots, open questions and assays. The full entity record is in the open API at /api/v1/entities/cd28.json. Licence CC BY-NC 4.0.