Loading
The 2006 North Carolina study that found the basal-like subtype in 39 percent of breast cancers in premenopausal African American women against 16 percent in other women, offering a biological reason for the worse survival of young Black women with breast cancer.
Carey, Perou, Livasy, Dressler and colleagues applied immunohistochemical surrogates for the gene-expression subtypes to 496 incident invasive breast cancers from the population-based Carolina Breast Cancer Study (1993 to 1996), which oversampled premenopausal and African American women. Basal-like was defined as oestrogen receptor-, progesterone receptor- and HER2-negative with cytokeratin 5/6 and/or HER1 positivity. The basal-like subtype was more prevalent among premenopausal African American women (39 percent) than postmenopausal African American women (14 percent) or non-African American women of any age (16 percent; p<0.001), and luminal A less prevalent (36 versus 59 and 54 percent). Compared with luminal A, basal-like tumours had more TP53 mutations (44 versus 15 percent), higher mitotic index (odds ratio 11.0), more nuclear pleomorphism (9.7) and higher grade (8.3). Breast cancer-specific survival differed by subtype, shortest for HER2-positive/oestrogen receptor-negative and basal-like tumours.
The paper that made race a biological as well as a social variable in triple-negative breast cancer, and the reason the US disparity is described as roughly twice the incidence in Black women; the UK POSH study later found a smaller but real excess.
The UK's own evidence that the disparity is not only American and not only about access: within the NHS, with equal chemotherapy use, young Black women had more triple-negative disease and worse survival. It anchors the disparities idea on the triple-negative page and the UK and NHS page.
The first registry-scale description of the disparity that every later triple-negative disparity paper confirms; the phrase so-called triple-negative phenotype in the title marks the moment the term entered population science.
Confirmed the BRCA1 to basal link with a stain any laboratory could run, which is how the basal-like concept reached clinical pathology and how the Carolina Breast Cancer Study defined its subtypes three years later.
Shares Descriptive analysis of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative, progesterone receptor (PR)-negative, and HER2-negative invasive breast cancer, the so-called triple-negative phenotype: a population-based study from the California cancer Registry, Close the gap between who gets triple-negative breast cancer and who is in its trials, Trials do not represent the people who get cancer, Triple-negative breast cancer roadmap: from a remainder defined by three negative tests to immunotherapy, antibody-drug conjugates and the residual disease problem and the tag tnbc-evidence.
Shares Ethnicity and outcome of young breast cancer patients in the United Kingdom: the POSH study, Close the gap between who gets triple-negative breast cancer and who is in its trials, Trials do not represent the people who get cancer, Triple-negative breast cancer roadmap: from a remainder defined by three negative tests to immunotherapy, antibody-drug conjugates and the residual disease problem and the tag tnbc-evidence.
Shares Germline BRCA1 mutations and a basal epithelial phenotype in breast cancer, Charles M. Perou, Triple-negative breast cancer roadmap: from a remainder defined by three negative tests to immunotherapy, antibody-drug conjugates and the residual disease problem, Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and the tag tnbc-evidence.
Shares Charles M. Perou, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Triple-negative breast cancer roadmap: from a remainder defined by three negative tests to immunotherapy, antibody-drug conjugates and the residual disease problem, Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and the tag tnbc-evidence.
Shares Close the gap between who gets triple-negative breast cancer and who is in its trials, Trials do not represent the people who get cancer, Triple-negative breast cancer roadmap: from a remainder defined by three negative tests to immunotherapy, antibody-drug conjugates and the residual disease problem, Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and the tag tnbc-evidence.
Shares Descriptive analysis of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative, progesterone receptor (PR)-negative, and HER2-negative invasive breast cancer, the so-called triple-negative phenotype: a population-based study from the California cancer Registry, Triple-negative breast cancer roadmap: from a remainder defined by three negative tests to immunotherapy, antibody-drug conjugates and the residual disease problem, Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and the tag tnbc-evidence.
Shares Ethnicity and outcome of young breast cancer patients in the United Kingdom: the POSH study, Close the gap between who gets triple-negative breast cancer and who is in its trials, Triple-negative breast cancer roadmap: from a remainder defined by three negative tests to immunotherapy, antibody-drug conjugates and the residual disease problem, Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and the tag tnbc-evidence.
Shares Charles M. Perou, Triple-negative breast cancer roadmap: from a remainder defined by three negative tests to immunotherapy, antibody-drug conjugates and the residual disease problem, Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and the tag tnbc-evidence.