TYR
TYR (Tyrosinase) is an enzyme. In the public catalogues the evidence so far is association rather than a proven role. Tied to Skin cancer, Melanoma and Basal cell carcinoma.
Overview
This is a copper-containing oxidase that functions in the formation of pigments such as melanins and other polyphenolic compounds. Catalyses the initial and rate limiting step in the cascade of reactions leading to melanin production from tyrosine. In addition to hydroxylating tyrosine to DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine), also catalyses the oxidation of DOPA to DOPA-quinone, and possibly the oxidation of DHI (5,6-dihydroxyindole) to indole-5,6 quinone.
Open Targets scores its association with cancer at 0.59 (direct and indirect evidence; datatypes literature 0.59, animal model 0.58, genetic association 0.74).
- Target · the protein and the cell it sits on
- Drug · antibody, small molecule, cell or radioligand
- Effect · signal, damage or kill
In plain words · TYR (Tyrosinase) is an enzyme. In the public catalogues the evidence so far is association rather than a proven role. Tied to Skin cancer, Melanoma and Basal cell carcinoma.
- 1 · What it is
TYR (Tyrosinase) is an enzyme. In the public catalogues the evidence so far is association rather than a proven role. Tied to Skin cancer, Melanoma and Basal cell carcinoma.
- 2 · What goes wrong in cancer
This is a copper-containing oxidase that functions in the formation of pigments such as melanins and other polyphenolic compounds.
- 3 · How drugs use it
No product in this corpus aims at TYR yet. Inhibitors are shaped to fit the enzyme's active site so the reaction the cancer relies on stops.
External identifiers
Sources: HGNC HGNC:12442 (approved symbol, name, aliases, locus and cross-references (hgnc_complete_set.txt)); UniProt P14679 (protein name, function text, keywords and locations (REST API)); Open Targets ENSG00000077498 (association with cancer (MONDO_0004992) 0.59; per-cancer scores at or above 0.5: melanoma 0.59, skin cancer 0.56, basal cell carcinoma 0.54 (GraphQL API, CC0))
Biology
This is a copper-containing oxidase that functions in the formation of pigments such as melanins and other polyphenolic compounds. Catalyses the initial and rate limiting step in the cascade of reactions leading to melanin production from tyrosine. In addition to hydroxylating tyrosine to DOPA (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine), also catalyses the oxidation of DOPA to DOPA-quinone, and possibly the oxidation of DHI (5,6-dihydroxyindole) to indole-5,6 quinone. Location: Melanosome membrane; Melanosome (UniProt). Locus 11q14.3 (HGNC).
- Skin cancer: Open Targets association 0.56 with skin cancer (MONDO_0002898)
- Melanoma: Open Targets association 0.59 with melanoma (MONDO_0005105)
- Basal cell carcinoma: Open Targets association 0.54 with basal cell carcinoma (MONDO_0020804)
Notes
top- Written by scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts from CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC and UniProt; the function text is UniProt's, condensed and in UK spelling. Roles: none stated by the sources. Evidence tier "association-only" is the strongest of those signals.
- Prevalence not recorded: none of the sources gives a positivity rate.
Latest papers
topQuery for this target: (TITLE:"TYR" OR ABSTRACT:"TYR" OR TITLE:"tyrosinase" OR ABSTRACT:"tyrosinase" OR TITLE:"Tyrosinase" OR ABSTRACT:"Tyrosinase" OR TITLE:"OCAIA" OR ABSTRACT:"OCAIA" OR TITLE:"OCA1A" OR ABSTRACT:"OCA1A" OR TITLE:"OCA1" OR ABSTRACT:"OCA1") AND (cancer OR tumor OR tumour OR oncology OR carcinoma OR lymphoma OR leukemia OR leukaemia OR myeloma OR sarcoma OR melanoma OR glioma). Results are unfiltered search hits about TYR, not a curated reading list.
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