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MUSK (Stanford, vision-language pathology)

A model that reads slides and clinical text together to predict who will respond to immunotherapy.

Nature 2025: pretrained on 50M pathology images and 1B pathology-related text tokens; predicted immunotherapy response and prognosis across cancers better than single-modality models.

Generic schematic · not to scale · placeholder for the ai computation front
Flagged finding · Neural network

How it works

MUSK uses masked multimodal pretraining that unifies image and text tokens.

Strengths
  • Multimodal
  • Immunotherapy response prediction
Limitations
  • Retrospective validation
Since
2025

Latest papers

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Latest papers · live from Europe PMC
Open in Europe PMC

Query for this technology: (TITLE:"MUSK" OR ABSTRACT:"MUSK" OR TITLE:"Stanford, vision-language pathology" OR ABSTRACT:"Stanford, vision-language pathology") AND (cancer OR tumor OR tumour OR oncology OR carcinoma OR lymphoma OR leukemia OR leukaemia OR myeloma OR sarcoma OR melanoma OR glioma). Results are unfiltered search hits about MUSK (Stanford, vision-language pathology), not a curated reading list.

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