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12 treatment settings, 10 with more than one named option. Each section lays out the options the standard of care names, what each is for, the trials behind them with their recorded results, the side effects and cautions on record, and questions to ask. Built from the cancer page's standard-of-care rows; nothing here is advice for your case.
Wide excision + radiation; neoadjuvant chemotherapy for high-risk.
IMRT and IGRT shape the radiation beam to the tumour's outline from multiple angles and check the patient's position with a scan before every session, so surrounding organs receive less dose. Fewer, larger doses are now standard in breast and prostate cancer, but a low-dose bath still spreads across normal tissue.
Radiation using protons, which stop inside the tumour instead of passing through, so tissue behind it gets no dose.
Hyperthermia heats tumours to 40-43 °C to make radiation and chemotherapy work better.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
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Doxorubicin ± ifosfamide; subtype-directed: imatinib, afami-cel, larotrectinib (tazemetostat was withdrawn in March 2026).
The drug that started the targeted therapy era in 2001, turning chronic myeloid leukaemia into a manageable condition with near-normal life expectancy.
Afamitresgene autoleucel was the first engineered T-cell receptor therapy approved for a solid tumour, synovial sarcoma.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
Wide resection (limb-salvage) ± radiotherapy for margins or size >5 cm; observation thereafter.
Removing a bone or soft-tissue sarcoma while keeping the arm or leg, rebuilding with metal implants, bone grafts or growing prostheses in children.
IMRT and IGRT shape the radiation beam to the tumour's outline from multiple angles and check the patient's position with a scan before every session, so surrounding organs receive less dose. Fewer, larger doses are now standard in breast and prostate cancer, but a low-dose bath still spreads across normal tissue.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
Neoadjuvant anthracycline-ifosfamide × 3 (ISG-STS 1001) ± preoperative radiotherapy, then wide resection; regional hyperthermia with chemotherapy where available (EORTC 62961).
The red chemotherapy drug from a soil bacterium that is still the backbone of treatment for sarcoma, lymphoma and breast cancer, limited by cumulative heart damage.
Ifosfamide is an alkylating chemotherapy partnered with doxorubicin in sarcoma and with etoposide in Ewing sarcoma, given with a bladder-protecting drug.
IMRT and IGRT shape the radiation beam to the tumour's outline from multiple angles and check the patient's position with a scan before every session, so surrounding organs receive less dose. Fewer, larger doses are now standard in breast and prostate cancer, but a low-dose bath still spreads across normal tissue.
Hyperthermia heats tumours to 40-43 °C to make radiation and chemotherapy work better.
Removing a bone or soft-tissue sarcoma while keeping the arm or leg, rebuilding with metal implants, bone grafts or growing prostheses in children.
Standard arm DFS HR ~0.45 vs tailored; OS 89% vs 64% at 46 months.
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Doxorubicin 75 mg/m2 (single agent) or doxorubicin-ifosfamide for symptomatic/rapid disease (EORTC 62012: PFS but not OS benefit); histotype exceptions: trabectedin or gemcitabine-docetaxel for leiomyosarcoma, paclitaxel for angiosarcoma. Adding olaratumab to doxorubicin gave no survival benefit (ANNOUNCE).
The red chemotherapy drug from a soil bacterium that is still the backbone of treatment for sarcoma, lymphoma and breast cancer, limited by cumulative heart damage.
Ifosfamide is an alkylating chemotherapy partnered with doxorubicin in sarcoma and with etoposide in Ewing sarcoma, given with a bladder-protecting drug.
A chemotherapy derived from a sea squirt, used with liposomal doxorubicin in relapsed ovarian cancer in Europe and for sarcomas.
OS HR 1.05 (negative); drug withdrawn.
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Trabectedin (L-sarcomas), eribulin (liposarcoma), pazopanib (non-adipocytic), gemcitabine-docetaxel, dacarbazine; pembrolizumab for alveolar soft-part sarcoma or UPS; larotrectinib for NTRK fusion; afami-cel or lete-cel for MAGE-A4/NY-ESO-1+ synovial sarcoma and MRCLS.
A chemotherapy derived from a sea squirt, used with liposomal doxorubicin in relapsed ovarian cancer in Europe and for sarcomas.
Pazopanib is the only multi-kinase inhibitor approved for soft-tissue sarcoma (excluding fat-derived tumours), used after chemotherapy fails.
Pembrolizumab is a PD-1 blocking antibody approved in more than 40 settings, from melanoma and lung cancer to the first tumour-agnostic approval for mismatch-repair-deficient tumours in 2017, and before and after surgery in triple-negative breast cancer. A subcutaneous form arrived in 2025, and it is the backbone partner for ADCs and personalised neoantigen vaccines.
Afamitresgene autoleucel was the first engineered T-cell receptor therapy approved for a solid tumour, synovial sarcoma.
Letetresgene autoleucel is a second engineered T-cell receptor therapy for sarcoma, targeting NY-ESO-1 in synovial sarcoma and myxoid/round cell liposarcoma; a BLA is expected by the end of 2026.
ORR 42%.
| Side effect | Any grade | Grade 3+ |
|---|---|---|
| Hypothyroidism (immune-mediated) · Pooled monotherapy data, >2,800 patients | 8% | - |
| Pneumonitis (immune-mediated) · Pooled monotherapy data, >2,800 patients | 3.4% | - |
| Colitis (immune-mediated) · Pooled monotherapy data, >2,800 patients | 1.7% | - |
| Hepatitis (immune-mediated) · Pooled monotherapy data, >2,800 patients | 0.7% | - |
Rates from the label or pivotal trial as recorded on the product page; each grade 3+ figure links to its source.
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Resection; adjuvant imatinib 3 years for high risk (SSGXVIII), longer under study; none for PDGFRA D842V or SDH-deficient (imatinib-insensitive).
The drug that started the targeted therapy era in 2001, turning chronic myeloid leukaemia into a manageable condition with near-normal life expectancy.
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Imatinib 400 mg (800 mg for exon 9) → sunitinib → regorafenib → ripretinib (INVICTUS); avapritinib for PDGFRA D842V; ctDNA KIT genotyping to choose ripretinib vs sunitinib second line (INSIGHT); surgery for oligoprogression.
The drug that started the targeted therapy era in 2001, turning chronic myeloid leukaemia into a manageable condition with near-normal life expectancy.
A fourth-line GIST drug that locks KIT in an off state regardless of which resistance mutation the tumour has acquired.
Avapritinib is the first drug for GIST driven by the PDGFRA D842V mutation, which resists every other kinase inhibitor; it is also approved for systemic mastocytosis.
PFS HR 0.15; OS HR 0.36.
No headline result recorded yet.
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Neoadjuvant MAP (methotrexate, doxorubicin, cisplatin) → limb-salvage resection → adjuvant MAP; no benefit from adding ifosfamide-etoposide or interferon (EURAMOS-1); metastatic/relapsed: surgery of lung metastases, regorafenib/cabozantinib.
The red chemotherapy drug from a soil bacterium that is still the backbone of treatment for sarcoma, lymphoma and breast cancer, limited by cumulative heart damage.
Removing a bone or soft-tissue sarcoma while keeping the arm or leg, rebuilding with metal implants, bone grafts or growing prostheses in children.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
Interval-compressed VDC/IE (INT-0091, AEWS0031, Euro Ewing 2012) with surgery and/or radiotherapy for local control; high-dose busulfan-melphalan for selected high-risk (Euro-EWING 99 R2); relapse: irinotecan-temozolomide, cabozantinib, trials.
The red chemotherapy drug from a soil bacterium that is still the backbone of treatment for sarcoma, lymphoma and breast cancer, limited by cumulative heart damage.
Ifosfamide is an alkylating chemotherapy partnered with doxorubicin in sarcoma and with etoposide in Ewing sarcoma, given with a bladder-protecting drug.
Radiation using protons, which stop inside the tumour instead of passing through, so tissue behind it gets no dose.
Averages across everyone diagnosed, often years ago. Your stage, subtype, age, fitness and the treatment you receive matter more than the average, and the numbers are improving quickly.
EFS HR 0.71; OS HR 0.62 favouring VDC/IE.
Averages across everyone diagnosed, often years ago. Your stage, subtype, age, fitness and the treatment you receive matter more than the average, and the numbers are improving quickly.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
Active surveillance first (many regress); nirogacestat (DeFi) for progressing symptomatic disease; sorafenib alternative; surgery only for select sites; cryoablation for extra-abdominal tumours.
Nirogacestat is the first approved medicine for desmoid tumours, locally invasive growths that do not spread but can be crippling; it works by blocking Notch signalling.
Thermal ablation kills a tumour with heat or cold delivered through a needle, with no incision required.
PFS HR 0.29; ORR 41% vs 8%.
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Surgery for localised disease; vimseltinib (MOTION) or pexidartinib (REMS for hepatotoxicity) for diffuse disease not amenable to surgery.
Vimseltinib is a pill approved in February 2025 for tenosynovial giant cell tumour, a benign but destructive joint tumour, offering an alternative to repeated surgery.
ORR 40% vs 0%.
No side-effect rates or interaction flags are recorded for these options yet. The side-effect lookup and interaction checker cover the products that have them.
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