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Children's Oncology Group (COG)
aka Children's Oncology Group, COG
The Children's Oncology Group is the world's largest paediatric cancer trials organisation; most children with cancer in North America are treated on or according to a COG protocol.
Overview
The Children's Oncology Group, based in Monrovia, California, is the world's largest paediatric cancer trials organisation, formed in 2000 from four paediatric groups with more than two hundred member hospitals; most children with cancer in North America are treated on or according to a COG protocol. Its trials define risk-adapted therapy: AALL1731 added blinatumomab to chemotherapy for standard-risk B-cell ALL, ANBL0032 established anti-GD2 immunotherapy in neuroblastoma, and AAML0531, ACNS0331 and AHOD2131 cover leukaemia, brain tumours and Hodgkin lymphoma. OnCo connects it to the RACE for Children Act and to bottlenecks on paediatric cancers without markets and neglected late effects. Whether every treated child can be followed for decades through registry linkage is the open idea. Its programmes are listed in the notes.
Headquarters
Monrovia, CA, US
Scorecard
All companies#140of 1243 companies, score 41
- approved products +6
- targets +4
- modalities +2
- regions +6
- registry trials +23
1 approved, 0 in phase 3, 0 earlier, 2 targets, 130 registry studies. Formula on the scorecards page.
Website
Founded
2000
Research output
From OpenAlex, oncology works in the last five years (2022 to 2026, current year in progress); counted on 2026-09-12.
Matched to Children's Oncology Group (high confidence name match), including child institutions. 20 works · 186 citations · 85% open access · 25% clinical trials · 0% reviews.
Oncology works per year
62022
92023
52024
02025
02026
Most works
- Brenda J. Weigel5 works
- Elizabeth Fox5 works
- Douglas S. Hawkins5 works
- Susan K. Parsons4 works
- Sharon M. Castellino4 works
- Charles G. Minard3 works
- Joel M. Reid3 works
- Stephan D. Voss3 works
- Katherine A. Janeway3 works
- Qinglin Pei3 works
Most cited
Alice L. Yu
Professor of Pediatrics, UC San Diego; Children's Oncology Group immunotherapy investigator
NeuroblastomaAnti-GD2 antibodiesPaediatric immunotherapy
Led the trial proving that an anti-GD2 antibody improves survival in high-risk neuroblastoma.
Douglas S. Hawkins
Group Chair, Children's Oncology Group; Professor of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's and University of Washington
Paediatric sarcomaEwing sarcomaCooperative group trials
Paediatric oncologist who chairs the world's largest childhood cancer research organisation.
Julie R. Park
Chair, Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Children's Oncology Group neuroblastoma investigator
NeuroblastomaImmunotherapyPaediatric oncology
Julie Park led the COG trial that made tandem transplant standard for high-risk neuroblastoma.
Katherine K. Matthay
Professor Emerita of Pediatrics, UCSF; Children's Oncology Group neuroblastoma investigator
Paediatric oncologyNeuroblastomaMIBG therapy
Paediatric oncologist whose trials established transplant and 13-cis-retinoic acid for high-risk neuroblastoma.
Rachel E. Rau
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's and University of Washington; Study Chair, COG AALL1731
Paediatric ALLImmunotherapyLeukaemia genomics
Paediatric oncologist who led the COG trial showing blinatumomab helps children with standard-risk leukaemia.
Susan L. Cohn
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Chicago; Children's Oncology Group neuroblastoma leader
NeuroblastomaRisk stratificationPaediatric oncology
Neuroblastoma expert who built the international risk classification used to guide treatment.
Notes
top- Paediatric ALL (AALL trials)
- Neuroblastoma (ANBL trials)
- Survivorship
rctNew England Journal of Medicine 2025changed practice185 citations
Children's Oncology Group AALL1731: blinatumomab added to chemotherapy for children with standard-risk B-cell ALL
AALL1731 brings immunotherapy into the front-line treatment of the commonest childhood cancer, in the group of children where most relapses were occurring despite good initial risk. Blinatumomab was approved for this use in 2024 and paediatric protocols worldwide are being amended. Whether it can allow less chemotherapy, and its effect on very low-risk children, are the next questions.
rctNew England Journal of Medicine 2024changed practice189 citations
SWOG S1826: nivolumab plus AVD chemotherapy versus brentuximab-AVD for advanced Hodgkin lymphoma in adolescents and adults
S1826 moved checkpoint blockade into first-line Hodgkin lymphoma and made N-AVD a preferred regimen for advanced disease in patients from adolescence to older age, while removing radiotherapy for most. It also showed the value of a single trial spanning paediatric and adult groups. Longer follow-up is needed for overall survival and late immune effects in young patients.
Similar pages
not linked directly; found by shared links- CompanyECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group
Shares Follow every trial participant for 30 years through registry linkage, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Blinatumomab, Trial modernisation roadmap: the randomised trial → platforms and adaptive designs → decentralised, pragmatic and always-on and the tag cooperative-group.
- CompanySWOG Cancer Research Network
Shares Follow every trial participant for 30 years through registry linkage, SWOG S1826, SWOG S1826: nivolumab plus AVD chemotherapy versus brentuximab-AVD for advanced Hodgkin lymphoma in adolescents and adults, Trial modernisation roadmap: the randomised trial → platforms and adaptive designs → decentralised, pragmatic and always-on and the tag cooperative-group.
- CompanyEORTC
Shares Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT), SIOP Europe (European Society for Paediatric Oncology), Rare and paediatric cancers without markets, Sarcomas (soft tissue, bone, GIST) and the tag cooperative-group.
- CompanySARC (Sarcoma Alliance for Research through Collaboration)
Shares Ewing sarcoma, Osteosarcoma, Sarcomas (soft tissue, bone, GIST) and the tag cooperative-group.
- CompanyAlliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology
Shares Craniopharyngioma, Trial modernisation roadmap: the randomised trial → platforms and adaptive designs → decentralised, pragmatic and always-on, National Cancer Institute (NIH) and the tag cooperative-group.
- CompanyFrench Sarcoma Group
Shares Ewing sarcoma, Osteosarcoma, Sarcomas (soft tissue, bone, GIST) and the tag cooperative-group.
- CompanyGerman Breast Group (GBG)
Shares Advanced-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma (stage III to IV), Hodgkin lymphoma and the tag cooperative-group.
- CompanyGIMEMA
Shares Blinatumomab, Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and the tag cooperative-group.
cancers
40Acute lymphoblastic leukaemiaAcute myeloid leukaemia in childrenAdolescent and young adult cancers (ages 15 to 39)Advanced-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma (stage III to IV)Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour (ATRT)Burkitt lymphomaCentral nervous system germ cell tumours (germinoma and non-germinomatous)Childhood lung and airway tumours (pleuropulmonary blastoma, tracheobronchial tumours)CraniopharyngiomaDiffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered (including DIPG)Early-stage classical Hodgkin lymphoma (stage I to II)EpendymomaEwing sarcomaGerm cell tumours of childhood and adolescence (extracranial and CNS)Group 3 and group 4 medulloblastoma (non-WNT/non-SHH)HepatoblastomaHigh-risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children (high-risk B-ALL and T-ALL)High-risk neuroblastomaHodgkin lymphomaInflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT)Intermediate-risk neuroblastomaLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH)Low-risk neuroblastoma (INRG very low and low risk, including stage MS)MedulloblastomaNeuroblastoma (paediatric)Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (nodular lymphocyte-predominant B-cell lymphoma)OsteosarcomaPaediatric high-grade glioma (excluding diffuse midline glioma)Paediatric low-grade gliomaPhiladelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (Ph-like or BCR::ABL1-like ALL)Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children (Ph-positive ALL)Rare cancers of childhood (NCI PDQ umbrella)Relapsed and refractory acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in childrenRetinoblastomaRhabdomyosarcomaSarcomas (soft tissue, bone, GIST)SHH-activated medulloblastomaStandard-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in childrenWilms tumour (nephroblastoma)WNT-activated medulloblastoma
technologies
1drugs
1ApprovedBispecific T-cell engager (CD19×CD3)
Blinatumomab · Blincyto
companies
1institutions
11Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaNational Cancer Institute (NIH)Nationwide Children's HospitalSIOP Europe (European Society for Paediatric Oncology)St. Jude Children's Research HospitalSydney Children's Hospitals Network / Children's Cancer InstituteTexas Children's Cancer and Hematology CenterThe Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids)UC San Diego Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center
terms
1trials
29AALL0232AALL1231AALL1331AALL1521AAML1031ACNS0121ACNS0122ACNS0333ACNS1123ACNS1422AEWS0031AGCT1531AHOD1331AHOD2131 (COG / NCTN)ANBL0531ANBL1221ANBL17P1COG AALL1731COG AAML0531COG ACNS0331COG ANBL0032COG ANBL0532COG ANBL1531COG AREN0533EURAMOS-1INT-0091 (Ewing sarcoma)Inter-B-NHL Ritux 2010NCI-COG Pediatric MATCH (APEC1621)SWOG S1826
roadmaps
2ideas
7Advance market commitments for paediatric and rare cancer drugsAn international consortium pooling the outcome of every treated child with cancerDevelop drugs in children first when the target is a children's targetEscrow a share of adult revenue until the paediatric study is doneFollow every trial participant for 30 years through registry linkageInhaled immune therapy to make the lung hostile to arriving tumour cellsMake paediatric combination studies part of every relevant adult cancer drug approval