DROSHA
DROSHA (Ribonuclease 3) is an enzyme. The public catalogues list it as an oncogene driver, a tumour suppressor and a biomarker, and clinical evidence ties its variants to diagnosis, prognosis or drug response. Tied to Breast cancer, Brain and spinal cord tumours, Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and 5 more.
Overview
Ribonuclease III double-stranded (ds) RNA-specific endoribonuclease that is involved in the initial step of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. Component of the microprocessor complex that is required to process primary miRNA transcripts (pri-miRNAs) to release precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA) in the nucleus. Within the microprocessor complex, DROSHA cleaves the 3' and 5' strands of a stem-loop in pri-miRNAs (processing centre 11 bp from the dsRNA-ssRNA junction) to release hairpin-shaped pre-miRNAs that are subsequently cut by the cytoplasmic DICER to generate mature miRNAs.
CIViC holds 1 clinical evidence item and 0 assertions across 1 variant. Open Targets scores its association with cancer at 0.78 (direct and indirect evidence; datatypes literature 0.95, genetic association 0.83, somatic mutation 0.92). IntOGen calls it a driver in 3 cohorts (1 activating, 2 loss-of-function), covering Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma, Wilms' Tumour.
- Target · the protein and the cell it sits on
- Drug · antibody, small molecule, cell or radioligand
- Effect · signal, damage or kill
In plain words · DROSHA (Ribonuclease 3) is an enzyme. The public catalogues list it as an oncogene driver, a tumour suppressor and a biomarker, and clinical evidence ties its variants to diagnosis, prognosis or drug response. Tied to Breast cancer, Brain and spinal cord tumours, Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and 5 more.
- 1 · What it is
DROSHA (Ribonuclease 3) is an enzyme. The public catalogues list it as an oncogene driver, a tumour suppressor and a biomarker, and clinical evidence ties its variants to diagnosis, prognosis or drug response. Tied to Breast cancer, Brain and spinal cord tumours, Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and 5 more.
- 2 · What goes wrong in cancer
Ribonuclease III double-stranded (ds) RNA-specific endoribonuclease that is involved in the initial step of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis.
- 3 · How drugs use it
No product in this corpus aims at DROSHA yet. Inhibitors are shaped to fit the enzyme's active site so the reaction the cancer relies on stops.
External identifiers
Sources: HGNC HGNC:17904 (approved symbol, name, aliases, locus and cross-references (hgnc_complete_set.txt)); UniProt Q9NRR4 (protein name, function text, keywords and locations (REST API)); CIViC gene DROSHA (1 evidence items, 0 assertions, 1 variants; diseases: Renal Wilms' Tumour (GraphQL API, CC0)); Open Targets ENSG00000113360 (association with cancer (MONDO_0004992) 0.78; per-cancer scores at or above 0.5: gastric cancer 0.51, ovarian cancer 0.56, skin cancer 0.55, brain cancer 0.57, breast cancer 0.63, lung cancer 0.56 (GraphQL API, CC0)); IntOGen DROSHA (driver in 3 cohorts (Act 1, LoF 2); Compendium_Cancer_Genes.tsv release 20240920, CC0 1.0)
Biology
Ribonuclease III double-stranded (ds) RNA-specific endoribonuclease that is involved in the initial step of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. Component of the microprocessor complex that is required to process primary miRNA transcripts (pri-miRNAs) to release precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA) in the nucleus. Within the microprocessor complex, DROSHA cleaves the 3' and 5' strands of a stem-loop in pri-miRNAs (processing centre 11 bp from the dsRNA-ssRNA junction) to release hairpin-shaped pre-miRNAs that are subsequently cut by the cytoplasmic DICER to generate mature miRNAs. Involved also in pre-rRNA processing. Cleaves double-strand RNA and does not cleave single-strand RNA. Involved in the formation of GW bodies. Location: Nucleus; Nucleus, nucleolus; Cytoplasm (UniProt). Locus 5p13.3 (HGNC).
- Breast cancer: Open Targets association 0.63 with breast cancer (MONDO_0007254)
- Brain and spinal cord tumours: Open Targets association 0.57 with brain cancer (MONDO_0001657)
- Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: IntOGen driver in 1 cohort (PAAD)
- Ovarian cancer: Open Targets association 0.56 with ovarian cancer (MONDO_0008170)
- Lung cancer: Open Targets association 0.56 with lung cancer (MONDO_0008903)
- Skin cancer: Open Targets association 0.55 with skin cancer (MONDO_0002898)
Notes
top- Written by scripts/fetch-cancer-genes.ts from CIViC, Open Targets, IntOGen, HGNC and UniProt; the function text is UniProt's, condensed and in UK spelling. Roles: IntOGen calls it an activating (Act) driver in 1 cohort; IntOGen calls it a loss-of-function (LoF) driver in 2 cohorts; CIViC holds 1 clinical evidence items on its variants. Evidence tier "clinical-evidence" is the strongest of those signals.
- Prevalence not recorded: none of the sources gives a positivity rate.
- Diseases the sources name that have no OnCo cancer page yet, so they are not linked: Renal Wilms' Tumour.
Latest papers
topQuery for this target: (TITLE:"DROSHA" OR ABSTRACT:"DROSHA" OR TITLE:"drosha ribonuclease III" OR ABSTRACT:"drosha ribonuclease III" OR TITLE:"Ribonuclease 3" OR ABSTRACT:"Ribonuclease 3" OR TITLE:"RNASE3L" OR ABSTRACT:"RNASE3L" OR TITLE:"Etohi2" OR ABSTRACT:"Etohi2" OR TITLE:"HSA242976" OR ABSTRACT:"HSA242976") AND (cancer OR tumor OR tumour OR oncology OR carcinoma OR lymphoma OR leukemia OR leukaemia OR myeloma OR sarcoma OR melanoma OR glioma). Results are unfiltered search hits about DROSHA, not a curated reading list.
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