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Anal cancer is staged by tumour size (2 cm and 5 cm are the cut-offs), spread to nearby organs or lymph nodes in the pelvis and groin, and distant spread as stage IV.
AJCC chapter 21 covers the anus; the AJCC 2026 table lists a Version 9 protocol for 2023. In the NCI's summary, stage 0 is abnormal cells in the mucosa; stage I is a tumour of 2 cm or less; IIA is 2 to 5 cm and IIB larger than 5 cm; IIIA is 5 cm or less with spread to nodes near the anus or groin; IIIB is any size with spread to nearby organs such as the vagina, urethra or bladder; IIIC combines local spread and nodes; stage IV is distant spread.
Right-sided tumours behave differently from left-sided and rectal ones; the colon drains along its mesenteric vessels, the rectum into the mesorectum and pelvic side wall.
Same organ: Colon cancer (adenocarcinoma of the colon), Micropapillary adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum, Adenoma-like adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum, Lynch syndrome-associated colorectal cancer, Familial adenomatous polyposis-associated colorectal cancer, Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum, Signet ring cell carcinoma of the colon and rectum, Medullary carcinoma of the colon, Serrated adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum, Peritoneal mesothelioma, Colorectal cancer, Rectal cancer, Mismatch-repair deficient (MSI-high) colorectal cancer, BRAF V600E-mutant colorectal cancer, HER2-amplified colorectal cancer, KRAS G12C-mutant colorectal cancer, Early-onset colorectal cancer (under 50), Appendiceal cancer and pseudomyxoma peritonei, Small intestine cancer (small bowel adenocarcinoma), Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumours, Anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (precursor), Localised anal squamous cell carcinoma (stage I to III), Metastatic and recurrent anal squamous cell carcinoma, Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm and pseudomyxoma peritonei, Appendiceal adenocarcinoma (mucinous and non-mucinous, including signet ring cell), Goblet cell adenocarcinoma of the appendix, Localised small bowel adenocarcinoma (stage I to III, resected), Advanced and metastatic small bowel adenocarcinoma
Showing the organ this term concerns: Anal cancer (squamous cell carcinoma).
Shares AJCC Version 9 staging, Disease-specific staging and risk systems (FIGO, Ann Arbor, IPI, R-ISS, ELN, IMDC), TNM staging.
Shares AJCC Version 9 staging, Disease-specific staging and risk systems (FIGO, Ann Arbor, IPI, R-ISS, ELN, IMDC), TNM staging.
Shares AJCC Version 9 staging, Disease-specific staging and risk systems (FIGO, Ann Arbor, IPI, R-ISS, ELN, IMDC).
Shares AJCC Version 9 staging, Disease-specific staging and risk systems (FIGO, Ann Arbor, IPI, R-ISS, ELN, IMDC), TNM staging.
Shares AJCC Version 9 staging, Disease-specific staging and risk systems (FIGO, Ann Arbor, IPI, R-ISS, ELN, IMDC), TNM staging.
Shares AJCC Version 9 staging, Disease-specific staging and risk systems (FIGO, Ann Arbor, IPI, R-ISS, ELN, IMDC), TNM staging.
Shares Disease-specific staging and risk systems (FIGO, Ann Arbor, IPI, R-ISS, ELN, IMDC), TNM staging.
Shares Disease-specific staging and risk systems (FIGO, Ann Arbor, IPI, R-ISS, ELN, IMDC), TNM staging.
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