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Mouth cancer is staged by the tumour's size and how deep it has invaded, and by spread to neck lymph nodes, from stage 0 to stage IVC, where it has spread to distant organs.
AJCC chapter 7 covers the oral cavity and is an 8th edition chapter in the AJCC 2026 table. In the NCI's summary, stage 0 is abnormal cells in the lining; from stage II onward the stage uses both size and the deepest point of invasion (for example, stage II includes tumours of 2 cm or less invading more than 5 mm, and stage III tumours of 2 to 4 cm invading more than 10 mm); stage IVB includes a single lymph node larger than 6 cm; stage IVC is spread beyond the mouth to other parts of the body such as lung, liver or bone. The stage descriptions are those in the National Cancer Institute's PDQ summary, which follows the AJCC tables.
Site decides cause and behaviour: HPV drives oropharyngeal cancer, EBV drives nasopharyngeal cancer, tobacco drives oral and laryngeal cancer; all drain into the neck node levels that surgeons and radiotherapists map.
Same organ: Acinic cell carcinoma of the salivary glands, Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2A and MEN2B), Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndrome (CDC73-related parathyroid carcinoma), Oropharyngeal cancer (tonsil and base of tongue), Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer, Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Salivary gland cancers, Papillary thyroid cancer, Follicular thyroid cancer, Medullary thyroid cancer, Anaplastic thyroid cancer, Thyroid cancer, Nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancers (including esthesioneuroblastoma), NUT carcinoma (midline carcinoma with NUTM1 rearrangement), Parathyroid carcinoma, Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes (MEN1, MEN2, MEN4), HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer, HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (including HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancer), Recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, Hypopharyngeal cancer, Adenoid cystic carcinoma, Salivary duct carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, Oral tongue and floor of mouth cancer, Buccal mucosa and gingivobuccal cancer (oral cancer in India), Lip cancer, Locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (stage III to IVA), Recurrent and metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Esthesioneuroblastoma (olfactory neuroblastoma), Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) and SWI/SNF-deficient sinonasal carcinoma
Showing the organ this term concerns: Oral cavity cancer (mouth and tongue).
Shares AJCC stage (TNM staging manual), Disease-specific staging and risk systems (FIGO, Ann Arbor, IPI, R-ISS, ELN, IMDC), TNM staging, Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Shares AJCC stage (TNM staging manual), Disease-specific staging and risk systems (FIGO, Ann Arbor, IPI, R-ISS, ELN, IMDC), TNM staging.
Shares AJCC stage (TNM staging manual), Disease-specific staging and risk systems (FIGO, Ann Arbor, IPI, R-ISS, ELN, IMDC), TNM staging.
Shares AJCC stage (TNM staging manual), Disease-specific staging and risk systems (FIGO, Ann Arbor, IPI, R-ISS, ELN, IMDC), TNM staging.
Shares Disease-specific staging and risk systems (FIGO, Ann Arbor, IPI, R-ISS, ELN, IMDC), TNM staging.
Shares Disease-specific staging and risk systems (FIGO, Ann Arbor, IPI, R-ISS, ELN, IMDC), TNM staging, Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Shares Disease-specific staging and risk systems (FIGO, Ann Arbor, IPI, R-ISS, ELN, IMDC), TNM staging.
Shares Disease-specific staging and risk systems (FIGO, Ann Arbor, IPI, R-ISS, ELN, IMDC), TNM staging.
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