Proportion and number of cancer cases and deaths attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors in the United States
Paper cited by one bottleneck page and 27 idea pages, indexed on Europe PMC as PubMed record 29160902 and published in CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians; the citing pages link this DOI, which is how the record was matched.
Overview
Contemporary information on the fraction of cancers that potentially could be prevented is useful for priority setting in cancer prevention and control. Herein, the authors estimate the proportion and number of invasive cancer cases and deaths, overall (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers) and for 26 cancer types, in adults aged 30 years and older in the United States in 2014, that were attributable to major, potentially modifiable exposures (cigarette smoking; secondhand smoke; excess body weight; alcohol intake; consumption of red and processed meat; low consumption of fruits/vegetables, dietary fiber, and dietary calcium; physical inactivity; ultraviolet radiation; and 6 cancer-associated infections). The numbers of cancer cases were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Cancer Institute; the numbers of deaths were obtained from the CDC; risk factor prevalence estimates were obtained from nationally representative surveys; and associated relative risks of cancer were obtained from published, large-scale pooled analyses or meta-analyses. In the United States in 2014, an estimated 42.0% of all incident cancers (659,640 of 1570,975 cancers, excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers) and 45.1% of cancer deaths (265,150 of 587,521 deaths) were attributable to evaluated risk factors. Cigarette smoking accounted for the highest proportion of cancer cases (19.0%; 298,970 cases) and deaths (28.8%; 169,180 deaths), followed by excess body weight (7.8% and 6.5%, respectively) and alcohol intake (5.6% and 4.0%, respectively). Lung cancer had the highest number of cancers (184,970 cases) and deaths (132,960 deaths) attributable to evaluated risk factors, followed by colorectal cancer (76,910 cases and 28,290 deaths). These results, however, may underestimate the overall proportion of cancers attributable to modifiable factors, because the impact of all established risk factors could not be quantified, and many likely modifiable risk factors are not yet firmly established as causal. Nevertheless, these findings underscore the vast potential for reducing cancer morbidity and mortality through broad and equitable implementation of known preventive measures. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:31-54. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Indexed on Europe PMC as PubMed record 29160902 (DOI 10.3322/caac.21440). Matched by DOI alone: one bottleneck page and 27 idea pages cite this DOI among their external links (the pages are listed under Related), and this page was written so that the citation resolves inside OnCo. No figure has been checked by an editor.
One bottleneck page and 27 idea pages on OnCo cite this paper by its DOI; this record gives the citation a page of its own so a reader can follow it without leaving OnCo. Read the abstract above alongside the citing pages listed under Related; the record was created automatically from the Europe PMC entry and its figures have not been checked by hand.
- Matched to the citing OnCo records by DOI alone; the summary reproduces the Europe PMC abstract and no figure has been verified against the full paper.
Similar pages
not linked directly; found by shared links- RoadmapCancer prevention roadmap: tobacco control and vaccines → biomarker-guided chemoprevention → interception in carriers
Shares Mandatory radon testing when homes are sold, with subsidised mitigation, Community pharmacies as one-stop cancer prevention hubs, Family-based H. pylori test-and-treat to prevent stomach cancer, Put cytisine, a cheap plant-based quit-smoking pill, on every essential medicines list.
- Key paperEngland's HPV programme: cervical cancer down 87% in the first cohort vaccinated at 12-13
Shares Offer HPV vaccination to women when they come for cervical screening or treatment, Catch-up HPV vaccination for men to prevent throat cancer, Prevention we already have is not deployed.
- Key paperAlcohol caused an estimated 741,000 cancers worldwide in 2020
Shares Community pharmacies as one-stop cancer prevention hubs, Cancer warnings on alcohol labels, evaluated as a natural experiment, Prevention we already have is not deployed.
- Key paperIBIS-I: five years of tamoxifen keeps preventing breast cancer for at least 20 years
Shares Low-dose tamoxifen for high-risk women, prescribed by pharmacists and nurses, One master trial for cancer prevention drugs across many precancers, Prevention we already have is not deployed.
- TechnologyChemoprevention & risk-reducing surgery
Shares GLP-1 drugs to reverse endometrial precancer in women with obesity, Regulators accept shrinking of precancer as the endpoint for prevention drug approval, Low-dose tamoxifen for high-risk women, prescribed by pharmacists and nurses, One master trial for cancer prevention drugs across many precancers.
- TechnologyAlcohol reduction, pricing and cancer warning labels
Shares Cancer warnings on alcohol labels, evaluated as a natural experiment, Evaluate alcohol minimum unit pricing against cancer incidence, Prevention we already have is not deployed.
- TechnologyGLP-1 receptor agonists and obesity-related cancer risk
Shares GLP-1 drugs to reverse endometrial precancer in women with obesity, A trial of GLP-1 weight-loss drugs with cancer as the primary outcome, Prevention we already have is not deployed.
- RoadmapDiet, exercise and lifestyle roadmap: causes established → interventions that disappointed → exercise proven as treatment
Shares Minimum alcohol pricing evaluated with cancer endpoints, GLP-1 drugs to reverse endometrial precancer in women with obesity, Cancer warnings on alcohol labels, evaluated as a natural experiment, A trial of GLP-1 weight-loss drugs with cancer as the primary outcome.