rna

Laboratory kits that read tumour RNA to find gene fusions without needing to know the partner gene in advance; sold for research use, they are widely built into laboratories' own tests.

An 80-gene tissue test that sorts an early breast cancer into one of three biological types, used alongside MammaPrint.

A tissue test for cancers whose starting point cannot be found that reads 92 genes to suggest which organ the cancer came from.

A tissue test that sorts a bladder cancer into molecular types, which may help judge how it will respond to chemotherapy before surgery.

A tissue test for stage I to III skin melanoma that measures 31 genes to estimate the chance of the melanoma spreading.

A tissue test for high-risk squamous cell skin cancer that measures 40 genes to estimate the chance of spread; Medicare does not cover it.

A test on a small sample of an eye melanoma that measures 15 transcripts to estimate how likely it is to spread, often to the liver.

A urine test that reads three genes from tiny vesicles shed by the prostate to estimate the chance of a significant prostate cancer, to help decide whether a biopsy is needed.

An add-on to Foundation Medicine's tumour DNA test that reads RNA to find gene fusions, some of which DNA testing misses.

A urine test that reads small RNAs from tiny vesicles to detect prostate cancer and judge its grade, so far validated in a case-control study.

A urine test that reads 18 prostate cancer genes to estimate the chance of a cancer worth treating, to help decide on a biopsy.

A tissue test for ductal carcinoma in situ, the earliest non-invasive stage of breast cancer, that estimates the chance of it coming back in the same breast to help decide whether radiotherapy is needed.

A tissue test for stage II and some stage III colon cancers that estimates how likely the cancer is to come back after surgery.

The first urine RNA test for prostate cancer approved in the United States; its approval has since been withdrawn, though Medicare still lists it.

A urine test taken after a prostate examination that reads two genes to estimate the chance of a high-grade cancer; its maker is moving customers to its newer urine test.

A tumour RNA sequencing test from Tempus, usually run with its DNA panel, that finds gene fusions DNA testing can miss.

A pair of tests on a thyroid nodule needle sample, one reading DNA and RNA fusions and one reading small regulatory RNAs, to judge whether an uncertain nodule is likely to be cancer.

A test on a thyroid nodule needle sample whose cells looked uncertain, reading DNA and RNA to say whether the nodule is likely to be cancer and spare some people surgery.

A urine test that reads five RNA markers to check for bladder cancer coming back, and in a Danish trial halved the number of camera examinations of the bladder.