Cystoscopy, blue-light imaging & TURBT
Cystoscopy and TURBT mean looking inside the bladder with a camera and shaving off tumours through the urethra. Blue-light dyes make flat tumours easier to see.
Transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) is both diagnosis and treatment for NMIBC; re-resection for T1 disease; en-bloc resection is emerging. Blue-light cystoscopy with hexaminolevulinate improves detection of CIS and reduces recurrence. Urine biomarkers (Cxbladder, UroVysion, Bladder EpiCheck) aim to reduce surveillance cystoscopy frequency.
How it works
The bladder is visualised endoscopically with white or fluorescence light, and tumours are resected down to muscle with electrosurgery or laser.
- Organ-sparing
- Immediate pathology and staging
- Understaging in ~25% of T1 tumours
- Lifelong surveillance burden
Latest papers
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