Interleukin-10 (IL10)

aka IL-10, interleukin 10, CSIF

IL-10 is a calming signal that many immune cells release; tumours and the viruses behind them raise it to keep the immune system quiet. Oddly, the main cancer drug built on it gave more IL-10 rather than less, and failed.

Checkpoint familiesSoluble brakes of the microenvironment

IL10 (chromosome 1q32.1) encodes a major immune-regulatory cytokine with profound anti-inflammatory functions that binds a heterotetrameric receptor of IL10RA and IL10RB and signals through JAK1 to STAT3; it is produced by T cells, macrophages, mast cells and other cell types (UniProt P22301). HPV up-regulates IL-10 and TGF-beta 1 to produce a local immunosuppressive environment (Torres-Poveda et al. 2014). Pegilodecakin, a pegylated IL-10 given to stimulate CD8 T cells, was tested against FOLFOX in pancreatic cancer in phase 3 (NCT02923921); its CYPRESS-1 and CYPRESS-2 studies with PD-1 antibodies closed early because the risk-benefit ratio was unfavourable (NCT03382899, NCT03382912). The corpus's LB4330 fuses IL-10 to a Claudin 18.2 antibody, again as an agonist.

Interleukin-10 (IL10): what it is and how drugs act on it · animated schematic, not to scale

Target · the protein and the cell it sits on
Drug · antibody, small molecule, cell or radioligand
Effect · signal, damage or kill

In plain words · IL-10 is a calming signal that many immune cells release; tumours and the viruses behind them raise it to keep the immune system quiet. Oddly, the main cancer drug built on it gave more IL-10 rather than less, and failed.

1 · What it is
IL-10 is a calming signal that many immune cells release; tumours and the viruses behind them raise it to keep the immune system quiet. Oddly, the main cancer drug built on it gave more IL-10 rather than less, and failed.
2 · What goes wrong in cancer
A soluble cytokine, not a receptor; listed with the checkpoint families as a microenvironment brake because the cited review frames it so.
3 · How drugs use it
No product in this corpus aims at Interleukin-10 (IL10) yet. Drugs bind the molecule precisely: to switch it off, flag the cell for the immune system, or deliver a payload.