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Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)

Prostate cancer that keeps growing even though testosterone has been reduced to castrate levels.

Defined by PSA or radiographic progression with testosterone <50 ng/dL. Mechanisms: AR amplification and mutations, AR-V7 splice variants, intratumoural androgen synthesis, glucocorticoid receptor bypass, lineage plasticity to neuroendocrine phenotype. Since 2026 the FDA label language 'androgen pathway modulation-naive or -sensitive' replaces 'hormone-sensitive'.

Clinical: what this kind of term is about · animated schematic, not to scale
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