Where you areHepatocellular carcinoma

Back to the Hepatocellular carcinoma hub →56 centres

Cases by country, the UK and NHS pathway and other country lenses, and the expert centres with trials on record.

Where you are

top

Every country →Coverage by country →

Cases by country

Cases by country · GLOBOCAN 2022

All countries →

Site: Liver and intrahepatic bile ducts (shared total; subtype split not reported). World: 866,136 new cases a year.

#	Country	New cases	Incidence ASR
1	China	367,657	15.0
2	United States of America	43,492	6.8
3	Japan	41,388	9.2
4	India	38,703	2.7
5	Egypt	27,946	32.0
6	Thailand	27,936	22.7
7	Viet Nam	24,502	20.2
8	Indonesia	23,805	8.0
9	Korea, Republic of	14,791	13.7
10	Brazil	13,599	4.5

ICD-10 C22 combines hepatocellular carcinoma with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (HCC is roughly 75-85% of the total).

Show deaths by countryGLOBOCAN's estimated deaths for the same countries, for readers who want them.

Country-level death counts mix every stage, subtype and year of diagnosis, and reflect access to screening and treatment as much as the disease. Survival differs by stage, subtype and year; the cancer page above leads with what can be done.

#	Country	New cases	Deaths
1	China	367,657	316,544
2	United States of America	43,492	30,931
3	Japan	41,388	26,420
4	India	38,703	36,953
5	Egypt	27,946	26,971
6	Thailand	27,936	27,143
7	Viet Nam	24,502	23,333
8	Indonesia	23,805	23,383
9	Korea, Republic of	14,791	12,595
10	Brazil	13,599	13,041

World: 866,136 new cases and 758,725 deaths a year (GLOBOCAN 2022).

Expert centres

Where the expertise is

Expert centres

210 centres in 47 countries · 1 with a trial for this cancer on record · second-opinion finder →

Choose a region from the globe in the header to mark centres near you.

210 centres


Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York · cancer center	United States	NCI comprehensive	0	5,120	95,936	Comprehensive genomic profiling CAR-T cell therapy Digital pathology & AI	#1
Asan Medical Center Seoul · hospital Programme: Liver cancer and transplant	South Korea	none recorded	0	1,177	18,820	none recorded	#4
Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN · hospital	United States	NCI comprehensive	0	4,572	48,202	Carbon-ion therapy Proton therapy Proton therapy machines: cyclotrons, synchrotrons and single-room systems Gamma Knife +1	#5
Gustave Roussy Villejuif · cancer center	France	none recorded	0	1,862	31,707	ZAP-X gyroscopic radiosurgery Stereotactic radiosurgery (Gamma Knife, CyberKnife, linac SRS)	#6
Seoul National University Hospital Seoul · hospital	South Korea	none recorded	0	1,612	26,269	Gamma Knife Stereotactic radiosurgery (Gamma Knife, CyberKnife, linac SRS)	#8
Johns Hopkins Hospital / Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center Baltimore · cancer center	United States	NCI comprehensive	0	2,962	42,161	Multi-cancer early detection (MCED)Liquid biopsy (ctDNA)Proton therapy Proton therapy machines: cyclotrons, synchrotrons and single-room systems +2	#10
Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne · cancer center	Australia	none recorded	0	1,554	24,520	PSMA PET Radioligand therapy (beta emitters)	#14
Heidelberg University Hospital / NCT / DKFZ Heidelberg · cancer center	Germany	none recorded	0	3,473	46,508	FAPI PET Targeted alpha therapy Carbon-ion therapy DNA methylation profiling +5	#18
Stanford Health Care / Stanford Cancer Institute Stanford · university	United States	NCI comprehensive	0	3,016	50,896	CAR-T cell therapy SBRT / SABR (stereotactic radiotherapy)CyberKnife robotic radiosurgery Stereotactic radiosurgery (Gamma Knife, CyberKnife, linac SRS)+1	#30
Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou · cancer center	China	none recorded	0	1,866	22,263	none recorded	#60
Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust / King's Health Partners Cancer Centre London · hospital	United Kingdom	none recorded	1	693	7,168	PARP inhibitors Multi-cancer early detection (MCED)Robotic & minimally invasive surgery IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam)	-
Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Tianjin · hospital	China	none recorded	0	4,969	62,764	CAR-T cell therapy	-
Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia · cancer center	United States	NCI comprehensive	0	3,148	54,267	CAR-T cell therapy In vivo CAR-T PARP PET Personalised neoantigen (mRNA) vaccines +2	-
Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai · hospital Programme: Liver Cancer Institute, Liver transplantation for HCC	China	none recorded	0	2,872	31,534	Liquid biopsy (ctDNA)Thermal ablation (RFA, microwave, cryo)Robotic & minimally invasive surgery	-
Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan · hospital	China	none recorded	0	2,478	31,527	HPV & HBV vaccination Patient-derived organoids Immune checkpoint inhibitors CAR-T cell therapy	-

(showing the first 15)

These are the things we can measure; they are not a ranking of quality. Each column is a field on the institution record or a count over what OnCo has linked; a centre that treats many patients with Hepatocellular carcinoma but is thinly recorded here will look small.

Not known: OnCo holds no case-volume or outcome figures for centres, so none are shown. Where a national audit or registry publishes them, the centre's page links to it. Default order: Newsweek rank, then trials for this cancer, then research output.

Seeking a second opinion: ask your oncologist for a referral to a high-volume centre; most accept records and pathology by mail or telehealth. In the US, use the NCI's Find a Cancer Center tool or the nonprofit Cancer Commons, which navigates options for advanced cancers at no cost. The second-opinion finder explains how referral works in your country.

Model panel1 model

Machine commentary by named AI models on a date, not clinical review. Claims are tied to the record's own sources; check them before relying on anything here.

FableAnthropic · v5.12026-09-17low confidence

The record's core framing is sound and matches the Wikipedia article: HCC is the dominant primary liver cancer, arises in livers damaged by HBV, HCV, alcohol or fatty liver disease, carries a global burden of roughly 900,000 cases and 800,000 deaths a year, and is treated by stage with resection, ablation, transplant, TACE and, for advanced disease, immunotherapy doublets, in line with the NCCN guideline it cites. What is missing is aflatoxin as an established cause, which matters for a record that stresses African and Asian burden and prevention, and any account of imaging-based diagnosis. What cannot be settled is most of the numeric and dated material: the trial medians and five-year percentages, the specific NCCN category levels and version, and the 2025-2026 events (three FDA complete response letters, LEAP-012 final OS HR 0.98, EMERALD-3, IMbrave050 update) all sit outside the two listed sources and carry no primary citation. There are also internal tidiness problems: duplicate history entries for 2007 and 2020, three overlapping sets of standard-of-care tiers, AFP listed twice, and a SHARP date that conflicts with the record's own linked trial entry.

Right 2Missing 2Unclear 4Show verdicts

Right
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the dominant primary liver cancer (~75-85%) and arises in a diseased organ: chronic hepatitis B, hepatitis C, alcohol-related and metabolic (MASLD) cirrhosis account for most cases.
The Wikipedia article describes HCC as the most common primary liver cancer and lists chronic HBV and HCV infection, alcohol-related cirrhosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as the main causes, with cirrhosis of any cause as the common soil. The 75-85% share is consistent with the description of HCC as the large majority of primary liver cancers.
Wikipedia
Missing
Aflatoxin exposure as a cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (not mentioned anywhere in the record).
The Wikipedia article lists aflatoxin B1 (a mould toxin in stored grain and nuts) among the established risk factors, acting synergistically with hepatitis B in parts of Africa and Asia. The record's own linked KEGG pathway and the Hollstein p53 paper also reference the aflatoxin signature. Given the record stresses that ~80% of cases occur in Asia and Africa and that prevention is the priority, omitting aflatoxin from summary, subtypes and prevention is a gap.
Wikipedia
Right
Roughly 900,000 liver cancer cases a year worldwide, deaths ~800,000 a year, and it remains the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide.
The Wikipedia article's epidemiology section gives global liver cancer incidence and mortality of this order (GLOBOCAN figures in the high hundreds of thousands) and ranks liver cancer among the top three causes of cancer death. Note the record uses all-liver-cancer figures under an HCC record; the summary says 'it' (HCC) is the third leading cause, which is a slight conflation, though HCC dominates the total.
Wikipedia
Unclear
IMbrave150 OS 19.2 vs 13.4 months; HIMALAYA five-year survival 19.6% vs 9.4%; CheckMate 9DW median OS 23.7 months (approved 2025); CARES-310 OS 23.8 vs 15.2 months.
Neither listed source carries these trial-level figures. The Wikipedia article notes that atezolizumab plus bevacizumab became a first-line option after showing superiority to sorafenib, and mentions durvalumab-tremelimumab, but it does not give these medians or landmark percentages, and the NCCN page is a guideline landing page rather than a results table. The numbers cannot be checked from the record's own sources.
Wikipedia
Unclear
NCCN Category 1 (preferred) for all three IO regimens first line; Category 2A for second-line agents after immunotherapy.
The NCCN Hepatocellular Carcinoma guideline is the right source for these category assignments and the panel accepts that it lists atezolizumab-bevacizumab, tremelimumab-durvalumab and nivolumab-ipilimumab as first-line options. However, the record does not state which NCCN version it read, the guideline is behind a login, and category levels change between versions, so the exact 'Category 1 preferred for all three' and '2A after IO' wording is not settled by the listed URL. The Prevention entry also cites 'NCCN Hepatobiliary Cancers', a title NCCN split into separate HCC and biliary guidelines, which suggests mixed versions.
NCCN Guidelines: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Early)
Unclear
Camrelizumab plus rivoceranib has received three FDA complete response letters for manufacturing reasons, most recently in July 2026; LEAP-012's final overall-survival hazard ratio is 0.98; EMERALD-3 positive for PFS in 2026; IMbrave050 update negative.
These are dated 2025-2026 events that neither the Wikipedia article nor the NCCN landing page can be expected to document, and the record supplies no primary citation for them. They are internally consistent with the linked drug record (CRLs in 2024 and 2025 followed by a third) but remain unverifiable from the sources listed. The record should attach a dated reference for each.
Wikipedia
Unclear
Sorafenib (SHARP, 2007) was the only option for a decade.
The record dates SHARP to 2007 in the summary and twice in the history, while its own linked SHARP trial record calls it 'the 2008 trial'; sorafenib's approval and the SHARP publication straddle 2007-2008, so the record should pick one convention and say which (approval vs publication). More broadly the history has duplicate 2007 and 2020 entries, standardOfCare has three overlapping tiers for early, intermediate and advanced disease, and AFP appears twice in biomarkers; these should be merged.
Wikipedia
Missing
How hepatocellular carcinoma is diagnosed (multiphase CT or MRI with characteristic arterial enhancement and washout, allowing diagnosis without biopsy in cirrhosis).
The record covers surveillance and staging in detail but never states how a diagnosis is made. The Wikipedia article devotes a section to diagnosis by contrast imaging, with biopsy reserved for indeterminate lesions, and this non-invasive pathway is unusual among solid tumours and relevant to the record's own points about surveillance and BCLC allocation.
Wikipedia

Human reviews sit on top of the panel. Add a clinical review or see the review queue.

ProvenanceLast edited 2026-09-18 · Jude Gomila · Merge worktree-agent-a92b346da6e5b3a8a (orphan trials con… · diff · file · history

Wikipedia

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Sources & links

Wikipedia

Where you areHepatocellular carcinoma

Back to the Hepatocellular carcinoma hub →56 centres

Cases by country, the UK and NHS pathway and other country lenses, and the expert centres with trials on record.

Where you are

top

Every country →Coverage by country →

Cases by country

Cases by country · GLOBOCAN 2022

All countries →

Site: Liver and intrahepatic bile ducts (shared total; subtype split not reported). World: 866,136 new cases a year.

#	Country	New cases	Incidence ASR
1	China	367,657	15.0
2	United States of America	43,492	6.8
3	Japan	41,388	9.2
4	India	38,703	2.7
5	Egypt	27,946	32.0
6	Thailand	27,936	22.7
7	Viet Nam	24,502	20.2
8	Indonesia	23,805	8.0
9	Korea, Republic of	14,791	13.7
10	Brazil	13,599	4.5

ICD-10 C22 combines hepatocellular carcinoma with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (HCC is roughly 75-85% of the total).

Show deaths by countryGLOBOCAN's estimated deaths for the same countries, for readers who want them.

#	Country	New cases	Deaths
1	China	367,657	316,544
2	United States of America	43,492	30,931
3	Japan	41,388	26,420
4	India	38,703	36,953
5	Egypt	27,946	26,971
6	Thailand	27,936	27,143
7	Viet Nam	24,502	23,333
8	Indonesia	23,805	23,383
9	Korea, Republic of	14,791	12,595
10	Brazil	13,599	13,041

World: 866,136 new cases and 758,725 deaths a year (GLOBOCAN 2022).

Expert centres

Where the expertise is

Expert centres

210 centres in 47 countries · 1 with a trial for this cancer on record · second-opinion finder →

Choose a region from the globe in the header to mark centres near you.

210 centres


Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York · cancer center	United States	NCI comprehensive	0	5,120	95,936	Comprehensive genomic profiling CAR-T cell therapy Digital pathology & AI	#1
Asan Medical Center Seoul · hospital Programme: Liver cancer and transplant	South Korea	none recorded	0	1,177	18,820	none recorded	#4
Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN · hospital	United States	NCI comprehensive	0	4,572	48,202	Carbon-ion therapy Proton therapy Proton therapy machines: cyclotrons, synchrotrons and single-room systems Gamma Knife +1	#5
Gustave Roussy Villejuif · cancer center	France	none recorded	0	1,862	31,707	ZAP-X gyroscopic radiosurgery Stereotactic radiosurgery (Gamma Knife, CyberKnife, linac SRS)	#6
Seoul National University Hospital Seoul · hospital	South Korea	none recorded	0	1,612	26,269	Gamma Knife Stereotactic radiosurgery (Gamma Knife, CyberKnife, linac SRS)	#8
Johns Hopkins Hospital / Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center Baltimore · cancer center	United States	NCI comprehensive	0	2,962	42,161	Multi-cancer early detection (MCED)Liquid biopsy (ctDNA)Proton therapy Proton therapy machines: cyclotrons, synchrotrons and single-room systems +2	#10
Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne · cancer center	Australia	none recorded	0	1,554	24,520	PSMA PET Radioligand therapy (beta emitters)	#14
Heidelberg University Hospital / NCT / DKFZ Heidelberg · cancer center	Germany	none recorded	0	3,473	46,508	FAPI PET Targeted alpha therapy Carbon-ion therapy DNA methylation profiling +5	#18
Stanford Health Care / Stanford Cancer Institute Stanford · university	United States	NCI comprehensive	0	3,016	50,896	CAR-T cell therapy SBRT / SABR (stereotactic radiotherapy)CyberKnife robotic radiosurgery Stereotactic radiosurgery (Gamma Knife, CyberKnife, linac SRS)+1	#30
Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou · cancer center	China	none recorded	0	1,866	22,263	none recorded	#60
Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust / King's Health Partners Cancer Centre London · hospital	United Kingdom	none recorded	1	693	7,168	PARP inhibitors Multi-cancer early detection (MCED)Robotic & minimally invasive surgery IMRT / IGRT (modern external beam)	-
Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Tianjin · hospital	China	none recorded	0	4,969	62,764	CAR-T cell therapy	-
Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia · cancer center	United States	NCI comprehensive	0	3,148	54,267	CAR-T cell therapy In vivo CAR-T PARP PET Personalised neoantigen (mRNA) vaccines +2	-
Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai · hospital Programme: Liver Cancer Institute, Liver transplantation for HCC	China	none recorded	0	2,872	31,534	Liquid biopsy (ctDNA)Thermal ablation (RFA, microwave, cryo)Robotic & minimally invasive surgery	-
Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan · hospital	China	none recorded	0	2,478	31,527	HPV & HBV vaccination Patient-derived organoids Immune checkpoint inhibitors CAR-T cell therapy	-

(showing the first 15)

Model panel1 model

Machine commentary by named AI models on a date, not clinical review. Claims are tied to the record's own sources; check them before relying on anything here.

FableAnthropic · v5.12026-09-17low confidence

Right 2Missing 2Unclear 4Show verdicts

Right
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the dominant primary liver cancer (~75-85%) and arises in a diseased organ: chronic hepatitis B, hepatitis C, alcohol-related and metabolic (MASLD) cirrhosis account for most cases.
The Wikipedia article describes HCC as the most common primary liver cancer and lists chronic HBV and HCV infection, alcohol-related cirrhosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as the main causes, with cirrhosis of any cause as the common soil. The 75-85% share is consistent with the description of HCC as the large majority of primary liver cancers.
Wikipedia
Missing
Aflatoxin exposure as a cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (not mentioned anywhere in the record).
The Wikipedia article lists aflatoxin B1 (a mould toxin in stored grain and nuts) among the established risk factors, acting synergistically with hepatitis B in parts of Africa and Asia. The record's own linked KEGG pathway and the Hollstein p53 paper also reference the aflatoxin signature. Given the record stresses that ~80% of cases occur in Asia and Africa and that prevention is the priority, omitting aflatoxin from summary, subtypes and prevention is a gap.
Wikipedia
Right
Roughly 900,000 liver cancer cases a year worldwide, deaths ~800,000 a year, and it remains the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide.
The Wikipedia article's epidemiology section gives global liver cancer incidence and mortality of this order (GLOBOCAN figures in the high hundreds of thousands) and ranks liver cancer among the top three causes of cancer death. Note the record uses all-liver-cancer figures under an HCC record; the summary says 'it' (HCC) is the third leading cause, which is a slight conflation, though HCC dominates the total.
Wikipedia
Unclear
IMbrave150 OS 19.2 vs 13.4 months; HIMALAYA five-year survival 19.6% vs 9.4%; CheckMate 9DW median OS 23.7 months (approved 2025); CARES-310 OS 23.8 vs 15.2 months.
Neither listed source carries these trial-level figures. The Wikipedia article notes that atezolizumab plus bevacizumab became a first-line option after showing superiority to sorafenib, and mentions durvalumab-tremelimumab, but it does not give these medians or landmark percentages, and the NCCN page is a guideline landing page rather than a results table. The numbers cannot be checked from the record's own sources.
Wikipedia
Unclear
NCCN Category 1 (preferred) for all three IO regimens first line; Category 2A for second-line agents after immunotherapy.
The NCCN Hepatocellular Carcinoma guideline is the right source for these category assignments and the panel accepts that it lists atezolizumab-bevacizumab, tremelimumab-durvalumab and nivolumab-ipilimumab as first-line options. However, the record does not state which NCCN version it read, the guideline is behind a login, and category levels change between versions, so the exact 'Category 1 preferred for all three' and '2A after IO' wording is not settled by the listed URL. The Prevention entry also cites 'NCCN Hepatobiliary Cancers', a title NCCN split into separate HCC and biliary guidelines, which suggests mixed versions.
NCCN Guidelines: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Early)
Unclear
Camrelizumab plus rivoceranib has received three FDA complete response letters for manufacturing reasons, most recently in July 2026; LEAP-012's final overall-survival hazard ratio is 0.98; EMERALD-3 positive for PFS in 2026; IMbrave050 update negative.
These are dated 2025-2026 events that neither the Wikipedia article nor the NCCN landing page can be expected to document, and the record supplies no primary citation for them. They are internally consistent with the linked drug record (CRLs in 2024 and 2025 followed by a third) but remain unverifiable from the sources listed. The record should attach a dated reference for each.
Wikipedia
Unclear
Sorafenib (SHARP, 2007) was the only option for a decade.
The record dates SHARP to 2007 in the summary and twice in the history, while its own linked SHARP trial record calls it 'the 2008 trial'; sorafenib's approval and the SHARP publication straddle 2007-2008, so the record should pick one convention and say which (approval vs publication). More broadly the history has duplicate 2007 and 2020 entries, standardOfCare has three overlapping tiers for early, intermediate and advanced disease, and AFP appears twice in biomarkers; these should be merged.
Wikipedia
Missing
How hepatocellular carcinoma is diagnosed (multiphase CT or MRI with characteristic arterial enhancement and washout, allowing diagnosis without biopsy in cirrhosis).
The record covers surveillance and staging in detail but never states how a diagnosis is made. The Wikipedia article devotes a section to diagnosis by contrast imaging, with biopsy reserved for indeterminate lesions, and this non-invasive pathway is unusual among solid tumours and relevant to the record's own points about surveillance and BCLC allocation.
Wikipedia

Human reviews sit on top of the panel. Add a clinical review or see the review queue.

ProvenanceLast edited 2026-09-18 · Jude Gomila · Merge worktree-agent-a92b346da6e5b3a8a (orphan trials con… · diff · file · history

Wikipedia

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Sources & links

Wikipedia