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11 treatment settings, 11 with more than one named option. Each section lays out the options the standard of care names, what each is for, the trials behind them with their recorded results, the side effects and cautions on record, and questions to ask. Built from the cancer page's standard-of-care rows; nothing here is advice for your case.
Active surveillance, prostatectomy, or radiation ± ADT (duration guided by risk/ArteraAI).
Surgeons operate through small incisions using robotic arms with tremor-free precision and 3D vision.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy converges multiple beams with sub-millimetre accuracy to deliver tumour-destroying doses in one to five outpatient sessions, doing the job of surgery for inoperable early lung cancer and for metastases in liver, spine and brain. Tumour size and location limit its use, and late toxicity is a concern near the central airways.
Brachytherapy places a radioactive source directly inside or next to the tumour.
The first AI tool cleared by the FDA to predict both prognosis and treatment benefit from a routine biopsy slide, in prostate cancer.
MRI uses a strong magnet and radio waves, with no ionising radiation, to picture soft tissue in finer contrast than CT, so it is the standard scan for brain tumours, prostate, rectal cancer staging, liver lesions and breast screening in high-risk women. It is slow, expensive and blurred by movement.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
ADT + ARPI ± docetaxel; PSMA PET staging; capivasertib if PTEN-deficient.
Androgen deprivation lowers testosterone or blocks its receptor, and has been the foundation of prostate cancer treatment since 1941 (Nobel Prize 1966).
A prostate-cancer-specific PET scan that finds spread far earlier than CT or bone scan, and tells you whether a matched radioactive drug will work.
Capivasertib (Truqap) is the first AKT inhibitor, for breast cancer with PI3K-pathway mutations and, since 2026, for prostate cancer with PTEN loss.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
| Side effect | Any grade | Grade 3+ |
|---|---|---|
| Cutaneous adverse reactions · CAPItello-291 | 56% | 15% |
| Diarrhoea · CAPItello-291 | 77% | 12% |
| Fatigue · CAPItello-291 | 38% | 1.9% |
| Stomatitis · CAPItello-291 | 25% | 1.9% |
Rates from the label or pivotal trial as recorded on the product page; each grade 3+ figure links to its source.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
ARPI switch, PARP inhibitor combinations (HRR+), 177Lu-PSMA-617, docetaxel/cabazitaxel, radium-223.
A radioactive drug that seeks out PSMA on prostate cancer cells; the best-selling radiopharmaceutical ever.
Olaparib was the first PARP inhibitor, and turned an inherited BRCA mutation from a risk factor into a drug target, including after surgery in breast cancer.
Niraparib is a PARP inhibitor approved as maintenance for ovarian cancer regardless of BRCA status, and in prostate cancer with abiraterone.
Talazoparib is a PARP inhibitor that traps PARP on DNA about 100 times more strongly than olaparib, which is why it works at a 1 mg daily dose. It is approved for germline BRCA-mutant HER2-negative breast cancer and, with enzalutamide, for HRR-mutant castration-resistant prostate cancer; anaemia is its dominant side effect.
OS HR 0.62.
rPFS HR 0.41.
| Side effect | Any grade | Grade 3+ |
|---|---|---|
| Lymphocytes decreased · VISION | 85% | 47% |
| Haemoglobin decreased · VISION | 64% | 15% |
| Platelets decreased · VISION | - | 9% |
| Fatigue · VISION | 48% | - |
Rates from the label or pivotal trial as recorded on the product page; each grade 3+ figure links to its source.
| Side effect | Any grade | Grade 3+ |
|---|---|---|
| Anaemia · OlympiA adjuvant, n=911 | 24% | 9% |
| Neutropenia · OlympiA adjuvant, n=911 | 16% | 5% |
| Leukopenia · OlympiA adjuvant, n=911 | 17% | 3% |
| Fatigue · OlympiA adjuvant, n=911 | 42% | 1.8% |
Rates from the label or pivotal trial as recorded on the product page; each grade 3+ figure links to its source.
| Side effect | Any grade | Grade 3+ |
|---|---|---|
| Thrombocytopenia · PRIMA | 66% | 38% |
| Anaemia · PRIMA | 65% | 31% |
| Neutropenia · PRIMA | - | 17% |
| Nausea · PRIMA | 62% | - |
Rates from the label or pivotal trial as recorded on the product page; each grade 3+ figure links to its source.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
Shared-decision PSA testing from 50 (45 if Black or family history/BRCA), risk-adapted intervals; MRI before biopsy; avoid biopsy if MRI negative and PSA density low.
Multiparametric prostate MRI combines three scan sequences, scored 1 to 5 under PI-RADS, and is done before a first biopsy in men with a raised PSA. Needles go to suspicious areas and men with a negative scan can often avoid biopsy altogether, but about one in ten clinically significant cancers is missed.
A test of the DNA you were born with, to find inherited risk genes such as BRCA or Lynch syndrome.
Clinically significant cancer 38% vs 26%.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
Active surveillance (PSA, MRI, repeat biopsy) for Grade Group 1 and many favourable GG2; genomic classifier or ArteraAI to refine.
For low-risk prostate cancer, monitoring with PSA, MRI, and repeat biopsy instead of treating, because most such cancers never cause harm.
A 22-gene test on the biopsy or surgical specimen that predicts spread and death, used to decide on surveillance or adding hormone therapy.
The first AI tool cleared by the FDA to predict both prognosis and treatment benefit from a routine biopsy slide, in prostate cancer.
Averages across everyone diagnosed, often years ago. Your stage, subtype, age, fitness and the treatment you receive matter more than the average, and the numbers are improving quickly.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
Radical prostatectomy (robotic) or radiotherapy (hypofractionated IMRT, SBRT, or brachytherapy boost) with 4-6 months (intermediate) to 18-36 months (high risk) of ADT; abiraterone added for very high risk (STAMPEDE); ArteraAI predicts ADT benefit.
Surgeons operate through small incisions using robotic arms with tremor-free precision and 3D vision.
IMRT and IGRT shape the radiation beam to the tumour's outline from multiple angles and check the patient's position with a scan before every session, so surrounding organs receive less dose. Fewer, larger doses are now standard in breast and prostate cancer, but a low-dose bath still spreads across normal tissue.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy converges multiple beams with sub-millimetre accuracy to deliver tumour-destroying doses in one to five outpatient sessions, doing the job of surgery for inoperable early lung cancer and for metastases in liver, spine and brain. Tumour size and location limit its use, and late toxicity is a concern near the central airways.
Brachytherapy places a radioactive source directly inside or next to the tumour.
Androgen deprivation lowers testosterone or blocks its receptor, and has been the foundation of prostate cancer treatment since 1941 (Nobel Prize 1966).
The first AI tool cleared by the FDA to predict both prognosis and treatment benefit from a routine biopsy slide, in prostate cancer.
Abiraterone + ADT: OS HR 0.63 in mHSPC; docetaxel + ADT: OS HR 0.78. Prostate radiotherapy improved survival in low-volume metastatic disease; abiraterone improved survival in high-risk non-metastatic disease; enzalutamide added to abiraterone, zoledronic acid, celecoxib and metformin did not improve survival.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
PSMA PET to localise; salvage radiotherapy ± ADT after prostatectomy; metastasis-directed SBRT for oligorecurrence (investigational for survival); enzalutamide ± ADT for high-risk BCR (EMBARK).
A prostate-cancer-specific PET scan that finds spread far earlier than CT or bone scan, and tells you whether a matched radioactive drug will work.
Enzalutamide is a second-generation androgen-receptor blocker that stops the receptor binding testosterone, entering the nucleus and switching on genes. It is approved at every stage of advanced prostate cancer, from rising PSA after surgery to castration-resistant disease, and fatigue, falls and memory problems are its main drawbacks.
Stereotactic body radiotherapy converges multiple beams with sub-millimetre accuracy to deliver tumour-destroying doses in one to five outpatient sessions, doing the job of surgery for inoperable early lung cancer and for metastases in liver, spine and brain. Tumour size and location limit its use, and late toxicity is a concern near the central airways.
MFS HR 0.42 (combination).
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
ADT (GnRH agonist/antagonist, e.g., relugolix) + ARPI (abiraterone, enzalutamide, apalutamide, or darolutamide); add docetaxel for high-volume de novo disease (ARASENS, PEACE-1); add 177Lu-PSMA-617 if PSMA-positive (PSMAddition, approved 31 Jul 2026); capivasertib + abiraterone if PTEN-deficient (2026); prostate RT for low-volume disease.
Abiraterone is a pill that shuts down testosterone production everywhere, including inside the tumour. Discovered at the Institute of Cancer Research, now generic and used from the first metastatic diagnosis.
Enzalutamide is a second-generation androgen-receptor blocker that stops the receptor binding testosterone, entering the nucleus and switching on genes. It is approved at every stage of advanced prostate cancer, from rising PSA after surgery to castration-resistant disease, and fatigue, falls and memory problems are its main drawbacks.
An AR blocker approved for prostate cancer that has spread and for high-risk disease before it shows on scans.
Darolutamide is an AR blocker that barely enters the brain, so it causes fewer falls and cognitive side effects; it is approved with and without chemotherapy.
Relugolix is the first hormone-suppressing pill for prostate cancer, working within days and wearing off quickly when stopped.
The first chemotherapy to extend life in prostate cancer (2004), now part of triplet therapy at first metastatic diagnosis.
A radioactive drug that seeks out PSMA on prostate cancer cells; the best-selling radiopharmaceutical ever.
Capivasertib (Truqap) is the first AKT inhibitor, for breast cancer with PI3K-pathway mutations and, since 2026, for prostate cancer with PTEN loss.
OS HR 0.68.
OS HR 0.82 in the overall population and HR 0.75 in the ADT plus docetaxel population; HR 0.72 in high-volume disease.
rPFS HR 0.72 (updated 0.67); OS HR 0.80 (NS, immature).
rPFS significantly improved (HR reported at presentation); approved 2026.
| Side effect | Any grade | Grade 3+ |
|---|---|---|
| Lymphocytes decreased · VISION | 85% | 47% |
| Haemoglobin decreased · VISION | 64% | 15% |
| Platelets decreased · VISION | - | 9% |
| Fatigue · VISION | 48% | - |
Rates from the label or pivotal trial as recorded on the product page; each grade 3+ figure links to its source.
| Side effect | Any grade | Grade 3+ |
|---|---|---|
| Cutaneous adverse reactions · CAPItello-291 | 56% | 15% |
| Diarrhoea · CAPItello-291 | 77% | 12% |
| Fatigue · CAPItello-291 | 38% | 1.9% |
| Stomatitis · CAPItello-291 | 25% | 1.9% |
Rates from the label or pivotal trial as recorded on the product page; each grade 3+ figure links to its source.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
Apalutamide, enzalutamide, or darolutamide (SPARTAN, PROSPER, ARAMIS); PSMA PET usually reclassifies as metastatic.
An AR blocker approved for prostate cancer that has spread and for high-risk disease before it shows on scans.
Enzalutamide is a second-generation androgen-receptor blocker that stops the receptor binding testosterone, entering the nucleus and switching on genes. It is approved at every stage of advanced prostate cancer, from rising PSA after surgery to castration-resistant disease, and fatigue, falls and memory problems are its main drawbacks.
Darolutamide is an AR blocker that barely enters the brain, so it causes fewer falls and cognitive side effects; it is approved with and without chemotherapy.
A prostate-cancer-specific PET scan that finds spread far earlier than CT or bone scan, and tells you whether a matched radioactive drug will work.
No trial record is attached to this row yet. The trials tab lists what is recruiting and the landmark trials for this cancer.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
ARPI (if not used earlier); PARP inhibitor + ARPI for BRCA/HRR-mutant (olaparib-abiraterone, talazoparib-enzalutamide, niraparib-abiraterone); docetaxel; 177Lu-PSMA-617 after one ARPI before chemotherapy (PSMAfore); pembrolizumab if MSI-high.
Olaparib was the first PARP inhibitor, and turned an inherited BRCA mutation from a risk factor into a drug target, including after surgery in breast cancer.
Talazoparib is a PARP inhibitor that traps PARP on DNA about 100 times more strongly than olaparib, which is why it works at a 1 mg daily dose. It is approved for germline BRCA-mutant HER2-negative breast cancer and, with enzalutamide, for HRR-mutant castration-resistant prostate cancer; anaemia is its dominant side effect.
Niraparib is a PARP inhibitor approved as maintenance for ovarian cancer regardless of BRCA status, and in prostate cancer with abiraterone.
A radioactive drug that seeks out PSMA on prostate cancer cells; the best-selling radiopharmaceutical ever.
The first chemotherapy to extend life in prostate cancer (2004), now part of triplet therapy at first metastatic diagnosis.
Pembrolizumab is a PD-1 blocking antibody approved in more than 40 settings, from melanoma and lung cancer to the first tumour-agnostic approval for mismatch-repair-deficient tumours in 2017, and before and after surgery in triple-negative breast cancer. A subcutaneous form arrived in 2025, and it is the backbone partner for ADCs and personalised neoantigen vaccines.
rPFS HR 0.66 (ITT); OS HR 0.81 (NS).
rPFS HR 0.63 (ITT); OS HR 0.80 (ITT), 0.62 (HRR-mutant).
BRCA cohort rPFS HR 0.53; HRR-negative futility.
rPFS HR 0.34; OS HR 0.69 (cohort A).
rPFS HR 0.41.
| Side effect | Any grade | Grade 3+ |
|---|---|---|
| Anaemia · OlympiA adjuvant, n=911 | 24% | 9% |
| Neutropenia · OlympiA adjuvant, n=911 | 16% | 5% |
| Leukopenia · OlympiA adjuvant, n=911 | 17% | 3% |
| Fatigue · OlympiA adjuvant, n=911 | 42% | 1.8% |
Rates from the label or pivotal trial as recorded on the product page; each grade 3+ figure links to its source.
| Side effect | Any grade | Grade 3+ |
|---|---|---|
| Thrombocytopenia · PRIMA | 66% | 38% |
| Anaemia · PRIMA | 65% | 31% |
| Neutropenia · PRIMA | - | 17% |
| Nausea · PRIMA | 62% | - |
Rates from the label or pivotal trial as recorded on the product page; each grade 3+ figure links to its source.
| Side effect | Any grade | Grade 3+ |
|---|---|---|
| Lymphocytes decreased · VISION | 85% | 47% |
| Haemoglobin decreased · VISION | 64% | 15% |
| Platelets decreased · VISION | - | 9% |
| Fatigue · VISION | 48% | - |
Rates from the label or pivotal trial as recorded on the product page; each grade 3+ figure links to its source.
| Side effect | Any grade | Grade 3+ |
|---|---|---|
| Hypothyroidism (immune-mediated) · Pooled monotherapy data, >2,800 patients | 8% | - |
| Pneumonitis (immune-mediated) · Pooled monotherapy data, >2,800 patients | 3.4% | - |
| Colitis (immune-mediated) · Pooled monotherapy data, >2,800 patients | 1.7% | - |
| Hepatitis (immune-mediated) · Pooled monotherapy data, >2,800 patients | 0.7% | - |
Rates from the label or pivotal trial as recorded on the product page; each grade 3+ figure links to its source.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.
177Lu-PSMA-617 post-taxane (VISION); cabazitaxel (CARD); radium-223 for bone-only symptomatic disease (with bone protection); 225Ac-PSMA, xaluritamig, pasritamig, mevrometostat in trials; platinum-etoposide for neuroendocrine transformation; tarlatamab/I-DXd trials for DLL3/B7-H3.
A radioactive drug that seeks out PSMA on prostate cancer cells; the best-selling radiopharmaceutical ever.
A second taxane that works after docetaxel and beat a second hormone pill head-to-head (CARD).
Radium-223 was the first alpha-emitting drug ever approved (2013). It homes to bone like calcium and treats prostate cancer that has spread only to bone.
Alpha-emitting PSMA drugs that produce responses even after Pluvicto fails, held back mainly by isotope supply.
Xaluritamig is Amgen's T-cell engager for prostate cancer, now in two phase 3 trials, aiming to do for prostate cancer what tarlatamab did for small-cell lung cancer.
Pasritamig is Johnson & Johnson's bispecific T-cell engager that binds KLK2 on prostate cancer cells and CD3 on T cells, with a deliberately low-affinity CD3 arm. In phase 1 about 40% of patients had a PSA50 response with far less cytokine release syndrome than other engagers, and a phase 3 trial began in 2025.
An epigenetic drug that may re-sensitise prostate cancer to hormone therapy, in three phase 3 trials with enzalutamide.
The first T-cell engager to improve survival in a common solid tumour, small-cell lung cancer.
Ifinatamab deruxtecan is a B7-H3 ADC showing some of the best response rates ever seen in relapsed small-cell lung cancer.
OS HR 0.62.
OS HR 0.70.
No headline result recorded yet.
No headline result recorded yet.
No headline result recorded yet.
| Side effect | Any grade | Grade 3+ |
|---|---|---|
| Lymphocytes decreased · VISION | 85% | 47% |
| Haemoglobin decreased · VISION | 64% | 15% |
| Platelets decreased · VISION | - | 9% |
| Fatigue · VISION | 48% | - |
Rates from the label or pivotal trial as recorded on the product page; each grade 3+ figure links to its source.
| Side effect | Any grade | Grade 3+ |
|---|---|---|
| Fatigue · DeLLphi-301, n=187 | 51% | 10% |
| Haemoglobin decreased · DeLLphi-301, n=187 | 58% | 5% |
| Decreased appetite · DeLLphi-301, n=187 | 34% | 2.7% |
| Cytokine release syndrome · DeLLphi-301, n=187 | 55% | 1.6% |
Rates from the label or pivotal trial as recorded on the product page; each grade 3+ figure links to its source.
Add these to your appointment list, or take the full question set for this cancer.