Cancer vaccines
An antigen to teach the immune system and a platform to deliver the lesson: mRNA in lipid nanoparticles, peptides, DNA plasmids, viral vectors, dendritic cells, whole cells or virus-like particles. The grid below is antigen against platform: 12 by 9 from 21 medicines, 2 combinations approved, 11 in development, 2 tried and stopped, 94 untried in this corpus.
Every tried combination
Stopped, and why
3 medicines recorded as stopped; 7 recorded reasons, including stopped studies of medicines still in development- Algenpantucel-LTried and stopped
Algenpantucel-L was a whole-cell pancreatic cancer vaccine given after surgery; the phase 3 IMPRESS trial showed no survival benefit.
- Algenpantucel-LTried and stopped
No overall survival benefit.
IMPRESS (algenpantucel-L): phase 3, negative · trial record
- GI-6301Tried and stopped
GI-6301 was a vaccine made from yeast carrying brachyury, the protein that chordomas depend on. Given with radiotherapy in a randomised trial it did not improve tumour responses.
- RindopepimutTried and stopped
Rindopepimut is a peptide vaccine against EGFRvIII, a mutant protein found only on some glioblastomas. After a phase 2 that beat historical controls, the 745-patient double-blind phase 3 ACT IV found no benefit in 2016, and tumours in both arms had lost EGFRvIII at recurrence, a lesson in antigen escape.
- RindopepimutTried and stopped
OS 20.1 vs 20.0 months; no benefit.
ACT IV: phase 3, negative · trial record
- ELI-002 7PIn development
Primary DFS endpoint not met.
AMPLIFY-7P: phase 1/2, negative · trial record
- Sipuleucel-TApproved
Authorised Sep 2013; marketing authorisation withdrawn May 2015 at the holder's request (commercial)
EMA / European Commission (EU): withdrawn 2015 · regulator row
Not placed
4 of 25 medicines in this format (16%)These medicines belong to the format but their antigen is on no record the engine reads: the targets field is empty, the target lists no such drug, the trials linked to it name no target of its own, and the modality, mechanism and summary text name none the corpus knows. They are listed here rather than placed by guesswork; adding the antigen to the record puts them in the grid on the next build.
How this grid is read from the records
Each medicine's parts come from its own record: the targets field first, else the target records that list the medicine, else a sibling conjugate that shares its antibody name, else the trials linked to it, else the target names the corpus knows found in its modality, mechanism or summary text. The second part is read from the medicine's technology links first and from its modality and mechanism text second; a part no record names is shown as not recorded. Every part carries the fields it was read from and a confidence in the JSON file.
What the states mean, and do not
Approved: a medicine in the cell has an approval row or a regulator's approved entry and is not recorded as withdrawn. In development: a recruiting, active or planned trial, a development-phase record status, or active studies in the ClinicalTrials.gov index, and no approval. Tried and stopped: every medicine in the cell is withdrawn, negative or historic, or its only trial evidence is a terminated, withdrawn or negative study, or its approval was withdrawn. Untried: no medicine in this corpus combines the two parts.
A cell is coloured by its strongest medicine; the table shows each medicine with its own state. The reasons quoted under Stopped, and why are the records' words, including the registry's whyStopped text where the sponsor wrote one, and include stopped studies of medicines that are still in development elsewhere. Nothing here is medical advice.