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An antigen to teach the immune system and a platform to deliver the lesson: mRNA in lipid nanoparticles, peptides, DNA plasmids, viral vectors, dendritic cells, whole cells or virus-like particles. The corpus holds 25 cancer vaccines medicines: 5 approved, 9 in phase 3, 14 trials recruiting, 23 companies named. Every section below says which records it was read from.
From 1 record:Personalised neoantigen (mRNA) vaccines
A vaccine made for one patient, encoding the unique mutations in their own tumour, to train the immune system to hunt it.
Tumour and normal DNA are sequenced, neoantigens are predicted computationally (up to 34 epitopes), and a patient-specific mRNA is made in lipid nanoparticles for dendritic cell presentation and T-cell priming, usually with PD-1 blockade.
TermsNeoantigen
From 25 records:Adagloxad simoleninAlgenpantucel-LAutogene cevumeranBNT113CERVAVAC (quadrivalent HPV vaccine, India)DCVax-LDOC1021ELI-002 7Pand 17 more in the JSON
Antigen against platform, 12 by 9. Open the grid, where every cell links to its medicines and the records behind its state.
From 5 records:HPV quadrivalent vaccine (types 6, 11, 16 and 18)HPV bivalent vaccine (types 16 and 18)Sipuleucel-TNonavalent HPV vaccineCERVAVAC (quadrivalent HPV vaccine, India)
| HPV antigens (L1, E6, E7) | 2006 | USEU | approved | |||
| HPV antigens (L1, E6, E7) | 2007 | EUUS | approved | |||
Sipuleucel-T Provenge | Prostatic acid phosphatase (ACP3, PAP) | 2010 | USEU | approved | ||
Nonavalent HPV vaccine Gardasil 9 | HPV antigens (L1, E6, E7) | 2014 | USWHO | approved | ||
| HPV antigens (L1, E6, E7) | 2022 | IN | approved |
From 9 records:Adagloxad simoleninBNT113DCVax-LGLSI-100GRT-C901GRT-R902Intismeran autogeneIO102-IO103and 1 more in the JSON
| Phase 3 trials here | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adagloxad simolenin | Tumour glycan (Globo H) | 0 | phase 3 | |||
| BNT113 | - | 0 | phase 3 | |||
| DCVax-L | Autologous tumour lysate | record status only | 0 | phase 3 | ||
| GLSI-100 | HER2 | 1 | phase 3 | |||
| GRT-C901 | Personalised neoantigens | 0 | phase 3 | |||
| GRT-R902 | Personalised neoantigens | 0 | phase 3 | |||
| Intismeran autogene | Personalised neoantigens | 5 | phase 3 | |||
| IO102-IO103 | PD-L1 x IDO1 | 1 | phase 3 | |||
| OSE2101 | HER2 x CEACAM5 x TP53 | 3 | phase 3 |
From 25 records:Adagloxad simoleninAlgenpantucel-LAutogene cevumeranBNT113CERVAVAC (quadrivalent HPV vaccine, India)DCVax-LDOC1021ELI-002 7Pand 17 more in the JSON
And 2 more, every one a filter pill on the engine table.
From 23 records:Merck & Co. (MSD)Serum Institute of IndiaBioNTechGritstone bioDendreonGSKShanghai Bovax BiotechnologyCelldex Therapeuticsand 15 more in the JSON
| Company | Type | Medicines | Approved | Phase 3 | Which |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Merck & Co. (MSD) US | pharma | 3 | 2 | 1 | |
| Serum Institute of India IN | pharma | 2 | 2 | 0 | |
| BioNTech DE | biotech | 2 | 0 | 1 | |
| Gritstone bio US | biotech | 2 | 0 | 2 | |
| Dendreon US | cell therapy | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| GSK GB | pharma | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Shanghai Bovax Biotechnology CN | biotech | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Celldex Therapeutics US | biotech | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Diakonos Oncology US | cell therapy | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Elicio Therapeutics US | biotech | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Everest Medicines CN | pharma | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| GlobeImmune US | biotech | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Greenwich LifeSciences US | biotech | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Hookipa Pharma AT | biotech | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Inovio Pharmaceuticals US | biotech | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| IO Biotech DK | biotech | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Moderna US | biotech | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| NewLink Genetics (now Lumos Pharma) US | biotech | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Northwest Biotherapeutics US | cell therapy | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| OBI Pharma TW | biotech | 1 | 0 | 1 |
The 3 others are in the JSON; every medicine's page names its companies.
From 14 records:A Clinical Trial of Adjuvant Intismeran (V940) With or Without Pembrolizumab Coformulated With Berahyaluronidase Alfa (MK-3475A) in High-Risk Stage I A Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) With or Without Intismeran Autogene (V940) in Participants With Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (V940-009/INTerpath-009)Evaluate the Efficacy, Immunogenicity and Safety of 9-valent HPV Recombinant Vaccine in Chinese Healthy FemalesPhase 3 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of HER2/Neu Peptide GLSI-100 (GP2 + GM-CSF) in HER2/Neu Positive SubjectsTrial of Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine OSE2101 in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Secondary Resistance to Immune Checkpoint InhibitorA Clinical Study of Intismeran Autogene (V940) and BCG in People With Bladder Cancer (V940-011/INTerpath-011)A Clinical Study of Intismeran Autogene (V940) and Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in People With Melanoma (V940-012/INTerpath-012)A Study of Intismeran Autogene (V940)/Placebo + Pembrolizumab and Chemotherapy in Metastatic Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (V940-013)and 6 more in the JSON
From no record yet:
No Side effects term is linked from this format's records.
From no record yet:
The resistance atlas records no class whose exemplars are medicines of this format.
From 33 records:Personalised neoantigen (mRNA) vaccinesOff-the-shelf cancer vaccinesDendritic cell vaccinesHPV & HBV vaccinationCancer interception vaccinesBacterial vector cancer vaccinesmRNA and lipid nanoparticle manufacturingPlasmid DNA and mRNA raw-material manufacturingand 25 more in the JSON
Cervical cancer elimination in India: Repurposing diagnostics, vaccination, and accelerating policy for the 2030 target Paper cited by one treatment page, indexed on Europe PMC as PubMed record 41645272 and published in Cancer; the citing page links this DOI,… | 2,026 | Cancer | observational | |
New HPV Vaccines on the Market and Future Trends: A State-of-the-Art Review Paper cited by one treatment page, indexed on Europe PMC as PubMed record 41746062 and published in Vaccines; the citing page links this DO… | 2,026 | Vaccines | review | |
KEYNOTE-942: a personalised mRNA cancer vaccine plus pembrolizumab after melanoma surgery A vaccine custom-made from each patient's own tumour mutations, given with pembrolizumab after surgery for high-risk melanoma, reduced recu… | 2,024 | The Lancet | rct | |
Rojas 2023: a personalised mRNA vaccine trained T cells against each patient's pancreatic cancer, and those who responded stayed cancer-free longer Individualised mRNA vaccines encoding up to 20 of each patient's tumour mutations generated strong T-cell responses in half of pancreatic c… | 2,023 | Nature | translational | |
England's HPV programme: cervical cancer down 87% in the first cohort vaccinated at 12-13 Ten years after England began vaccinating 12- to 13-year-olds with the bivalent HPV vaccine, cervical cancer in that cohort had fallen by 8… | 2,021 | The Lancet | observational | |
Vaccine efficacy against persistent HPV 16/18 infection at 10 years after one, two and three doses of quadrivalent HPV vaccine in girls in India Ten years after vaccination, Indian girls who had received a single dose of HPV vaccine were as well protected against the cancer-causing H… | 2,021 | Lancet Oncology | observational | |
First trial of a vaccine against the shared neoantigens of mismatch-repair-deficient cancers A vaccine of three frameshift peptides shared by almost all microsatellite-unstable tumours was safe and induced immune responses in every… | 2,020 | Clinical Cancer Research | translational | |
Swedish registry study: HPV vaccination almost eliminates cervical cancer when given before 17 Among 1.7 million Swedish girls and women, quadrivalent HPV vaccination cut invasive cervical cancer by 88% when given before age 17 and by… | 2,020 | New England Journal of Medicine | observational | |
Self-collected HPV samples are as accurate as clinician samples and reach women who never attend screening A meta-analysis of 56 accuracy studies and 25 randomised trials found that self-sampled swabs tested with PCR detect precancer as well as c… | 2,018 | BMJ | meta analysis | |
Sipuleucel-T immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer Paper cited by one treatment page, indexed on Europe PMC as PubMed record 20818862 and published in New England Journal of Medicine; the ci… | 2,010 | New England Journal of Medicine | rct | |
Efficacy of HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine against cervical infection and precancer caused by oncogenic HPV types (PATRICIA): final analysis In young women free of the two target virus types at vaccination, the bivalent vaccine prevented 93 percent of high-grade cervical precance… | 2,009 | The Lancet | rct |
From 7 records:Cancer prevention roadmap: tobacco control and vaccines → biomarker-guided chemoprevention → interception in carriersGlobal access and affordability roadmap: essential medicines and generics → biosimilars and frugal trials → reliance, pooling and homegrown innovationImmunotherapy roadmap: Coley's toxins → checkpoint inhibitors → engineered immunityKRAS roadmap: undruggable → G12C → pan-RASPaths to cures: interception, eradication, controlTargeted therapy roadmap: imatinib → designed for resistance → the undruggable drivers fallTNBC roadmap: from 'nothing to target' to ADC + immunotherapy first line
From 33 records:Personalised neoantigen (mRNA) vaccinesOff-the-shelf cancer vaccinesDendritic cell vaccinesHPV & HBV vaccinationCancer interception vaccinesBacterial vector cancer vaccinesmRNA and lipid nanoparticle manufacturingPlasmid DNA and mRNA raw-material manufacturingand 25 more in the JSON
Community-tailored HPV vaccine confidence campaigns with school-based delivery The HPV vaccine prevents most cervical cancer, but false safety claims have cut uptake in several countries. Rebuild confidence locally and deliver the vaccine… | Being tested at scale | |
Eliminate infection-caused cancers: HPV, hepatitis B and C, H. pylori and EBV About one in eight cancers is caused by an infection we can vaccinate against, cure or eradicate. A concerted global programme could make those cancers rare wi… | Being tested at scale | |
HPV self-testing with same-day treatment as the national cervical programme Women can collect their own sample for the virus that causes cervical cancer; those who test positive can be treated the same day with a simple heat device. Do… | Being tested at scale | |
Single-dose HPV vaccination plus HPV self-sampling to reach WHO elimination in low-income countries One shot for girls and a mail-in swab for women could hit the WHO 90-70-90 targets at a fraction of the cost of the traditional three-dose, clinic-based model. | Being tested at scale | |
Switch every country to single-dose HPV vaccination and add catch-up to age 26 One dose of HPV vaccine protects as well as two or three. Halving the doses frees supply to vaccinate far more girls, boys and young adults. | Being tested at scale | |
A frameshift neoantigen vaccine for Lynch syndrome carriers as the first preventive cancer vaccine approval People with Lynch syndrome have a very high lifetime cancer risk from a predictable set of mutations. Vaccinate them against those shared mutations before canc… | Early clinical | |
A randomised trial of a shared-antigen vaccine to prevent Lynch syndrome cancers Lynch syndrome tumours share predictable mutations the immune system can target. A vaccine in early trials could be tested to see if it prevents polyps and can… | Early clinical | |
A therapeutic vaccine to clear cervical precancer without surgery Precancer is treated by cutting away part of the cervix, which raises pregnancy risks. A vaccine that makes the immune system clear the infected cells would av… | Early clinical | |
Cancer interception vaccines for high-risk carriers Vaccinate people with BRCA or Lynch mutations against the antigens their future cancers will express, before any cancer exists. | Early clinical | |
Off-the-shelf KRAS vaccines after pancreatic cancer surgery Almost every pancreatic cancer shares one of a handful of KRAS mutations. A pre-made vaccine against them could be given to every patient after surgery. | Early clinical | |
Offer HPV vaccination to women when they come for cervical screening or treatment Adult women who missed the vaccine could get it at their screening visit. Vaccination around treatment for precancer also seems to cut recurrence. | Early clinical | |
Personalised cancer vaccines at commodity cost through fully automated manufacturing Vaccines tailored to each patient's tumour mutations are showing real benefit but cost a fortune to make. Automate the whole process so a personalised vaccine… | Early clinical | |
Personalised vaccines given only when the blood test turns positive Individualised mRNA cancer vaccines take weeks to manufacture and work best against minimal residual disease. Making the vaccine at surgery and giving it only… | Early clinical | |
Shared modular GMP facilities for academic personalised vaccines and cell products Personalised cancer vaccines and cell therapies need a manufacturing run for each patient, and universities cannot afford their own plants. Regional closed, au… | Early clinical | |
Vaccines aimed only at mutations shared by every tumour cell Personal cancer vaccines target a list of mutations, some present in only part of the tumour, so the tumour can escape by losing them. Restricting vaccines and… | Early clinical | |
mRNA-delivered MYC decoy proteins instead of MYC inhibitors A decoy protein can bind MYC's partner and block it. Delivering the instructions for that decoy as mRNA in a fat nanoparticle avoids having to inject the prote… | Preclinical evidence | |
What makes a neoantigen actually immunogenic? Vaccines can now encode dozens of a tumour's mutations, but only a minority provoke useful T cells. Learning the rules would make vaccines smaller, cheaper, an… | Preclinical evidence | |
A delivery-science moonshot for prevention we already own Around four in ten cancers are preventable with tools that exist now. This would fund the hard, unglamorous work of getting vaccines, screening and tobacco con… | Speculative | |
A standing rulebook for one-patient treatments Sometimes a treatment must be designed for a single patient. Agreeing in advance what evidence and safety checks are needed would make that fast, fair and lear… | Speculative | |
Catch-up HPV vaccination for men to prevent throat cancer HPV throat cancer now exceeds cervical cancer in some countries and mostly affects men, who were not vaccinated. Vaccinating men up to 45 could reduce it. | Speculative | |
Instruct tumour cells to make antibodies against their own oncoprotein Deliver genetic instructions so the cancer cell itself manufactures a molecule that traps its driver protein inside the cell. | Speculative | |
Shared splice-derived neoantigens as off-the-shelf vaccine targets Mutations in the RNA splicing genes SF3B1, SRSF2 and U2AF1 produce the same mis-spliced proteins in patient after patient with MDS, CLL or uveal melanoma. If f… | Speculative | |
Social impact bonds for cancer prevention, repaid from avoided treatment costs Investors would fund vaccination and screening campaigns up front and be repaid by health systems only if the campaigns hit verified targets, turning future sa… | Speculative | |
Vaccinate against the resistance mutation before it takes over Resistance often arrives as the same few mutations. Teaching the immune system to recognise them in advance could remove the escaping cells while they are stil… | Speculative |
From 2 records:mRNA and lipid nanoparticle manufacturingPlasmid DNA and mRNA raw-material manufacturing
Plasmid templates, enzymes and cap analogues, in vitro transcription, lipid nanoparticles, and a one-patient batch for each personalised vaccine.
Plasmid DNA and mRNA raw-material manufacturingmRNA and lipid nanoparticle manufacturingSingle-use bioprocessing systemsSterile fill-finish and lyophilisation
CompaniesModernaBioNTechMerck & Co. (MSD)Aldevron (Danaher)TouchlightThermo Fisher ScientificLonza
| Site | Operator | Capabilities | Makes | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aldevron Fargo Fargo, North Dakota, US · contract manufacturer | Aldevron (Danaher) | Plasmid DNA and mRNA | Aldevron |
The manufacturing map draws every site and the seven supply chains.
An mRNA cancer vaccine is made without cells: a DNA template is copied into RNA by an enzyme in a tank, cleaned up, and wrapped in tiny fat bubbles. For personalised vaccines the whole run is done on…
Plasmid DNA and mRNA raw materials are the DNA templates and enzymes behind viral vectors and mRNA vaccines. They are invisible to patients but decisive for supply.
The medicines are the ones the open drug engine files under cancer vaccines, whether it placed them on its grid or listed them as unresolved. The technology records are listed by hand (src/lib/modular-formats.ts) and each carries a pill back here. Everything else follows the graph's links from those two sets: approvals, cancers and toxicity from the medicine records; companies, trials, papers and ideas from the records that name a medicine or technology; roadmap steps from their refs; resistance from the atlas; manufacturing from the site and supply chain records.
Nothing here is written for the hub. Where the corpus holds no record for a section, the section says so rather than filling the gap, and the counts are counts of records in OnCo, not of the world. The JSON companion carries every section with the record ids behind it. Not medical advice.