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A virus backbone edited to replicate only in tumour cells and a transgene it carries to call the immune system in. The corpus holds 14 oncolytic viruses medicines: 3 approved, 2 in phase 3, 14 trials recruiting, 13 companies named. Every section below says which records it was read from.
From 1 record:Oncolytic viruses
Viruses engineered to infect and burst cancer cells while leaving normal cells alone, and to alert the immune system in the process.
An attenuated or naturally tumour-selective virus replicates in tumour cells whose antiviral signalling is defective, lyses them, and releases tumour antigens, viral pathogen-associated patterns and any encoded transgene into the tumour, converting lysis into an in situ immunisation.
From 14 records:BT-001Cretostimogene grenadenorepvecDNX-2401DNX-2440H101 oncolytic adenovirusNG-348NG-350AOlvimulogene nanivacirepvecand 6 more in the JSON
Virus backbone against transgene, 3 by 4. Open the grid, where every cell links to its medicines and the records behind its state.
From 3 records:H101 oncolytic adenovirusTalimogene laherparepvecVusolimogene oderparepvec
| H101 oncolytic adenovirus | Adenovirus | 2005 | CN | approved | ||
Talimogene laherparepvec Imlygic | Herpes simplex virus 1 | 2015 | US | approved | ||
Vusolimogene oderparepvec Tudriqev | Herpes simplex virus 1 | 2026 | US | approved |
From 2 records:Cretostimogene grenadenorepvecOlvimulogene nanivacirepvec
| Phase 3 trials here | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cretostimogene grenadenorepvec | Adenovirus | 2 | phase 3 | |||
| Olvimulogene nanivacirepvec | - | 2 | phase 3 |
From 14 records:BT-001Cretostimogene grenadenorepvecDNX-2401DNX-2440H101 oncolytic adenovirusNG-348NG-350AOlvimulogene nanivacirepvecand 6 more in the JSON
From 13 records:Akamis BioDNAtrixTransgeneAmgenBristol Myers SquibbReplimuneShanghai Sunway BiotechBioInvent Internationaland 5 more in the JSON
| Company | Type | Medicines | Approved | Phase 3 | Which |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akamis Bio US | biotech | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| DNAtrix US | biotech | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Transgene FR | biotech | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Amgen US | pharma | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Bristol Myers Squibb US | pharma | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Replimune US | biotech | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Shanghai Sunway Biotech CN | biotech | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| BioInvent International SE | biotech | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| CG Oncology US | biotech | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Genelux US | biotech | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| ImmVira Pharma CN | biotech | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Theolytics GB | biotech | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| TILT Biotherapeutics FI | biotech | 1 | 0 | 0 |
From 14 records:Efficacy & Safety of Olvi-Vec and Platinum-doublet + Bevacizumab Compared to Physician's Choice of Chemotherapy and Bevacizumab in Platinum-Resistant/Refractory Ovarian Cancer (PRROC) (OnPrime, GOG-3076)VO and Nivolumab vs Physician's Choice in Advanced Melanoma That Progressed on Anti-PD-1 & Anti-CTLA-4 Drugs [IGNYTE-3]A Clinical Study of Intratumoral MVR-T3011 (T3011) Given as a Single Agent and in Combination With Intravenous Pembrolizumab in Participants With AdvaA Study of T3011 in Patients With BCG-Unresponsive NMIBC or BCG-Exposed, Chemotherapy-Unresponsive NMIBCCombination Therapy for the Treatment of Diffuse Midline GliomasDose Ranging, Toxicity Seeking, Phase 1 Trial of Oncolytic Adenoviral Therapy for Melanoma Intracranial and Extracranial MetastasesEfficacy & Safety of Olvimulogene Nanivacirepvec & Platinum-doublet + Physician's Choice of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Compared to Docetaxel in NSCL H101 Plus TACE for r/m HNSCCand 6 more in the JSON
| Registry | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Efficacy & Safety of Olvi-Vec and Platinum-doublet + Bevacizumab Compared to Physician's Choice of Chemotherapy and Bevacizumab in Platinum-Resistant/Refractory Ovarian Cancer (PRROC) (OnPrime, GOG-3076) A Randomized Phase 3 Study Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Olvi-Vec Followed by Plat… | Phase 3 | Genelux | 186 | NCT05281471 | ||
VO and Nivolumab vs Physician's Choice in Advanced Melanoma That Progressed on Anti-PD-1 & Anti-CTLA-4 Drugs [IGNYTE-3] Randomized, Ph3 Clinical Study Comparing Vusolimogene Oderparepvec in Combination With Ni… | Phase 3 | Replimune, Inc. | 400 | NCT06264180 | ||
A Clinical Study of Intratumoral MVR-T3011 (T3011) Given as a Single Agent and in Combination With Intravenous Pembrolizumab in Participants With Adva A Phase 1/2a, Open-Label, Dose Escalation and Expansion Study of the Safety and Tolerabil… | Phase 1/2 | ImmVira Pharma Co. Ltd | 30 | NCT04370587 | ||
A Study of T3011 in Patients With BCG-Unresponsive NMIBC or BCG-Exposed, Chemotherapy-Unresponsive NMIBC An Open-Label, International, Multicenter Phase II Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Saf… | Phase 2 | ImmVira Pharma Co. Ltd | 160 | NCT06971614 | ||
Combination Therapy for the Treatment of Diffuse Midline Gliomas A Combination Therapy Trial Using an Adaptive Platform Design for Children and Young Adul… | Phase 2 | University of California, San Francisco | 360 | NCT05009992 | ||
Dose Ranging, Toxicity Seeking, Phase 1 Trial of Oncolytic Adenoviral Therapy for Melanoma Intracranial and Extracranial Metastases Dose Ranging, Toxicity Seeking, Phase 1 Trial of Oncolytic Adenoviral Therapy for Melanom… | Phase 1 | M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | 50 | NCT07444606 | ||
Efficacy & Safety of Olvimulogene Nanivacirepvec & Platinum-doublet + Physician's Choice of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Compared to Docetaxel in NSCL A Randomized Phase 2 Study Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Olvimulogene Nanivacirepv… | Phase 2 | Genelux Corporation | 142 | NCT06463665 | ||
H101 Plus TACE for r/m HNSCC Recombinant Human Adenovirus 5 (H101) Combined With Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolizat… | Phase 2 | West China Hospital | 20 | NCT07398664 | ||
Intratumoral DNX-2401 for High Grade Pediatric Brain Tumors Intratumoral DNX-2401 Administration for Recurrent and Refractory High Grade Brain Tumors… | Phase 2 | Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra | 39 | NCT07424092 | ||
Intratumoral Vusolimogene Oderparepvec (VO) in Combination With Pembrolizumab for Angiosarcoma An Open-Label, Multicenter, Phase 2 Study With Safety Lead-In of Intratumoral Vusolimogen… | Phase 2 | Varun Monga, MBBS | 18 | NCT06898970 | ||
MSC-DNX-2401 in Treating Patients With Recurrent High-Grade Glioma Phase I Clinical Trial of Allogeneic Bone Marrow Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Loaded With… | Phase 1 | M.D. Anderson Cancer Center | 36 | NCT03896568 | ||
Phase 2 Study to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Cretostimogene Grenadenorepvec in High-Risk NMIBC A Phase 2, Multi-Arm, Multi-Cohort, Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy… | Phase 2 | CG Oncology, Inc. | 325 | NCT06567743 | ||
Study of Cretostimogene Given in Patients With Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer ,Unresponsive to Bacillus-Calmette-Guerin A Single-arm, Open-label, Multicenter Phase II Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy an… | Phase 2 | Lepu Biopharma Co., Ltd. | 16 | NCT07283835 | ||
Trial of THEO-260 in Ovarian Cancer Patients A Phase I/IIa, Open-label, Dose Finding, Safety, Tolerability and Exploratory Trial of TH… | Phase 1/2 | Theolytics Limited | 44 | NCT06618235 |
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No Side effects term is linked from this format's records.
From no record yet:
No recorded escape route has exemplars that are medicines of this format.
From 15 records:Oncolytic virusesBT-001Cretostimogene grenadenorepvecDNX-2401DNX-2440H101 oncolytic adenovirusNG-348NG-350Aand 7 more in the JSON
Pugh 2026: should a journal publish a scientist's experiment on herself? Three ethicists work through whether it was right to publish the virologist's case, separating the question of whether she should have done… | 2,026 | Journal of Medical Ethics | review | |
IGNYTE: an engineered herpes virus with nivolumab in melanoma that had already failed anti-PD-1 therapy In melanoma that had already stopped responding to immunotherapy, injecting an engineered herpes virus alongside nivolumab shrank tumours i… | 2,025 | Journal of Clinical Oncology | rct | |
PHOCUS: an oncolytic vaccinia virus before sorafenib in liver cancer did worse than sorafenib alone Adding injections of an engineered pox virus before standard liver cancer treatment did not help and the results were worse than the contro… | 2,024 | Liver Cancer | rct | |
The self-experiment: a virologist treated her own recurrent breast cancer with two viruses she made in her own laboratory A virologist whose breast cancer had come back and grown into the chest muscle injected it herself with a measles vaccine strain and then a… | 2,024 | Vaccines | observational | |
Shalhout 2023: what the approved oncolytic viruses actually do in practice A review of where cancer-killing viruses stand in the clinic, written around the accumulated experience of the one product that is widely a… | 2,023 | Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology | review | |
Hietanen 2022: the marketed oncolytic virus Rigvir was no more oncolytic than any other echovirus isolate A virus sold for years as a cancer treatment in Latvia was sequenced and tested against ordinary strains of the same virus, and it killed c… | 2,022 | Viruses | basic | |
Todo 2022: the triple-mutated herpes virus that became Japan's first approved oncolytic virus Nineteen people with a brain tumour that had come back after radiotherapy and chemotherapy were given repeated injections of an engineered… | 2,022 | Nature Medicine | rct | |
Toca 5: a virus plus a prodrug in recurrent brain cancer, tested properly, and it did not work Four hundred people with a brain tumour that had come back were randomly given either a virus-delivered enzyme plus a pill it converts into… | 2,020 | JAMA Oncology | rct | |
Bourgeois-Daigneault 2018: giving the virus before surgery, not after everything else has failed In mice with triple-negative breast cancer, treating with a cancer-killing virus before the tumour was removed made checkpoint immunotherap… | 2,018 | Science Translational Medicine | basic | |
OPTiM: the trial that made talimogene laherparepvec the first approved oncolytic virus Injecting an engineered herpes virus into melanoma lesions produced lasting shrinkage in about one patient in six, compared with one in fif… | 2,015 | Journal of Clinical Oncology | rct | |
Russell 2014: a measles virus given into the vein put one patient's myeloma into complete remission Two people with drug-resistant myeloma were given an enormous dose of engineered measles virus into a vein; both responded and one went int… | 2,014 | Mayo Clinic Proceedings | translational | |
Russell, Peng and Bell 2012: the field states its own problems The review that set the modern agenda for cancer-killing viruses, and named the four things that had to be solved. | 2,012 | Nature Biotechnology | review | |
Kelly and Russell 2007: a century of trying to treat cancer with viruses, and why it kept stopping The idea that a virus might shrink a tumour is more than a hundred years old; this history explains the early attempts, why they were aband… | 2,007 | Molecular Therapy | review | |
Xia 2004: the randomised trial behind China's approval of the oncolytic adenovirus H101 Adding injections of an engineered adenovirus to chemotherapy roughly doubled the proportion of head and neck or oesophageal cancers that s… | 2,004 | Ai Zheng (Chinese Journal of Cancer) | rct | |
Stojdl 2000: cancer cells that stopped answering interferon cannot stop a virus either A normal cell warned by interferon shuts a virus down; many cancer cells have broken that alarm to grow, and this paper showed a common ani… | 2,000 | Nature Medicine | basic | |
Coffey 1998: reovirus grows in cells with an activated Ras pathway, which describes a great many cancers A common gut virus that does almost nothing in healthy adults turned out to need a switched-on growth pathway to replicate, and that switch… | 1,998 | Science | basic | |
Bischoff 1996: the adenovirus that was said to replicate only where p53 was lost An adenovirus missing the gene that disables the cell's main tumour suppressor appeared to grow only in cancer cells that had already lost… | 1,996 | Science | basic | |
Martuza 1991: the first genetically engineered virus built to treat a cancer A herpes virus was deliberately crippled so that it could only multiply in dividing cells, injected into human brain tumours growing in mic… | 1,991 | Science | basic |
From 1 record:Immunotherapy roadmap: Coley's toxins → checkpoint inhibitors → engineered immunity
From 15 records:Oncolytic virusesBT-001Cretostimogene grenadenorepvecDNX-2401DNX-2440H101 oncolytic adenovirusNG-348NG-350Aand 7 more in the JSON
Oncolytic viruses that make interleukin-12 only inside the tumour Interleukin-12 is an immune-stimulating cytokine that caused severe toxicity when injected into the bloodstream in the 1990s and was abandoned. An oncolytic he… | Early clinical | |
Deliver drugs and cells to the brain through the nose The nerves at the top of the nose lead directly into the brain, bypassing the barrier. Nasal delivery of drugs, and even immune cells, has worked in animals. | Preclinical evidence | |
Make every cold tumour hot: a coordinated programme to reprogramme immune-excluded tumours Immunotherapy works in tumours that immune cells can enter and ignores those that shut them out. Systematically test ways to open up the shut-out tumours, meas… | Preclinical evidence |
From no record yet:
Apheresis, vector, closed manufacturing, cryopreservation and chain of identity, release testing, point of care and allogeneic banks.
Apheresis and starting-material collectionViral vector manufacturing (lentiviral, retroviral, AAV)Autologous CAR-T manufacturing, batch by batchClosed automated cell-therapy manufacturingCryopreservation and cell-therapy cold chainCell-therapy orchestration and chain-of-identity softwareCell-therapy release and potency testingPoint-of-care and decentralised cell manufacturingAllogeneic cell banks: one donor, hundreds of doses
CompaniesNovartisGilead Sciences (incl. Kite)Bristol Myers SquibbLegend BiotechAutolus TherapeuticsOXB (Oxford Biomedica)Miltenyi BiotecCytiva (Danaher)LonzaCellaresCryoportTerumo Blood and Cell TechnologiesCellectisAllogene TherapeuticsImmunoACT
| Site | Operator | Capabilities | Makes | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kite Frederick Frederick, Maryland, US · in-house | Kite (Gilead) | Cell therapyViral vector | Kite manufacturing | |
| Miltenyi Biotec Bergisch Gladbach, DE · contract manufacturer | Miltenyi Biotec | Cell therapyViral vector | Miltenyi Biotec | |
| Oxford Biomedica Oxbox Oxford, GB · contract manufacturer | Oxford Biomedica | Viral vector | Oxford Biomedica |
The manufacturing map draws every site and the seven supply chains.
No manufacturing technology record is listed for this format.
The medicines are the ones the open drug engine files under oncolytic viruses, whether it placed them on its grid or listed them as unresolved. The technology records are listed by hand (src/lib/modular-formats.ts) and each carries a pill back here. Everything else follows the graph's links from those two sets: approvals, cancers and toxicity from the medicine records; companies, trials, papers and ideas from the records that name a medicine or technology; roadmap steps from their refs; resistance from the atlas; manufacturing from the site and supply chain records.
Nothing here is written for the hub. Where the corpus holds no record for a section, the section says so rather than filling the gap, and the counts are counts of records in OnCo, not of the world. The JSON companion carries every section with the record ids behind it. Not medical advice.