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Two arms, two targets: a tumour antigen with CD3 to pull in T cells, two checkpoints at once, or two tumour receptors so escape through one is blocked by the other. The format (BiTE, DuoBody, 2:1, ImmTAC) sets half-life and dosing. The corpus holds 65 bispecific antibodies medicines: 17 approved, 26 in phase 3, 207 trials recruiting, 43 companies named. Every section below says which records it was read from.
From 1 record:Bispecific antibodies
A bispecific antibody is one antibody with two different grabbing arms, so it can block two targets at once or pull an immune cell onto a cancer cell.
Engineered heavy/light chain pairing (knobs-into-holes, CrossMab, DuoBody) yields one molecule with two specificities.
From 65 records:AcasunlimabAI-081AmivantamabASP2138AZD0486AZD5492AZD5863AZD6621and 57 more in the JSON
Target against second target, 23 by 17. Open the grid, where every cell links to its medicines and the records behind its state.
From 17 records:CatumaxomabBlinatumomabAmivantamabCadonilimabMosunetuzumabTebentafuspTeclistamabElranatamaband 9 more in the JSON
Catumaxomab Korjuny | EpCAM | 2009 | EU | approved | ||
Blinatumomab Blincyto | CD19 | 2014 | US | approved | ||
Amivantamab Rybrevant | EGFR | 2021 | USEU | approved | ||
Cadonilimab Kaitanni | CTLA-4 | 2022 | China | approved | ||
Mosunetuzumab Lunsumio | CD20 | 2022 | US | approved | ||
Tebentafusp Kimmtrak | gp100 (PMEL) | 2022 | US | approved | ||
Teclistamab Tecvayli | BCMA | 2022 | USEU | approved | ||
Elranatamab Elrexfio | BCMA | 2023 | US | approved | ||
Epcoritamab Epkinly | CD20 | 2023 | USEU | approved | ||
Glofitamab Columvi | CD20 | 2023 | US | approved | ||
Talquetamab Talvey | GPRC5D | 2023 | US | approved | ||
| Ivonescimab | PD-1 | 2024 | China | approved | ||
Odronextamab Lynozyfic (EU: Ordspono) | CD20 | 2024 | EUUS | approved | ||
Tarlatamab Imdelltra | DLL3 | 2024 | USEU | approved | ||
Zanidatamab Ziihera | HER2 | 2024 | USEUUK | approved | ||
Zenocutuzumab Bizengri | HER2 | 2024 | US | approved | ||
Linvoseltamab Lynozyfic | BCMA | 2025 | USEU | approved |
From 26 records:AcasunlimabASP2138AZD0486BrenetafuspFicerafusp alfaGR1803HS-20117INCA33890and 18 more in the JSON
From 65 records:AcasunlimabAI-081AmivantamabASP2138AZD0486AZD5492AZD5863AZD6621and 57 more in the JSON
And 13 more, every one a filter pill on the engine table.
And 7 more, every one a filter pill on the engine table.
From 43 records:AstraZenecaJohnson & JohnsonRegeneronGenmabSino Biopharmaceutical (Chia Tai Tianqing)AmgenAkesoRoche / Genentechand 35 more in the JSON
| Company | Type | Medicines | Approved | Phase 3 | Which |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AstraZeneca GB | pharma | 7 | 0 | 2 | |
| Johnson & Johnson US | pharma | 6 | 3 | 3 | |
| Regeneron US | pharma | 4 | 2 | 0 | |
| Genmab DK | biotech | 4 | 1 | 2 | |
| Sino Biopharmaceutical (Chia Tai Tianqing) CN | pharma | 4 | 0 | 1 | |
| Amgen US | pharma | 3 | 2 | 1 | |
| Akeso CN | biotech | 2 | 2 | 0 | |
| Roche / Genentech CH | pharma | 2 | 2 | 0 | |
| AbbVie (incl. ImmunoGen, Capstan) US | pharma | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
| Immunocore GB | biotech | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
| Merus NL | biotech | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
| Pfizer (incl. Seagen) US | pharma | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
| Phanes Therapeutics US | biotech | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| BeOne Medicines (formerly BeiGene) CH | biotech | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Jazz Pharmaceuticals IE | biotech | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Lindis Biotech DE | biotech | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Summit Therapeutics US | biotech | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Zai Lab CN | biotech | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Zymeworks CA | biotech | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| 3SBio CN | biotech | 1 | 0 | 0 |
The 23 others are in the JSON; every medicine's page names its companies.
From 207 records:A Global Phase III Study of Rilvegostomig or Pembrolizumab Monotherapy for First-Line Treatment of PD-L1-high Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung CancerA Global Phase III Study of Rilvegostomig or Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy for First-Line Treatment of Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-Squamous NA Global Phase III Study of Rilvegostomig or Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy for First-Line Treatment of Locally Advanced or Metastatic Squamous Non-sA Phase III Clinical Study of Cadonilimab Plus SOX as Perioperative Treatment for Patients With Resectable G/GEJ AdenocarcinomaA Phase III Study of AK104 as Adjuvant Therapy in HCC With High Risk of Recurrence After Curative ResectionA Phase III Study of Ivonescimab + Chemo With/Without AK117 in Metastatic Pancreatic CancerA Phase Ⅲ Study of Rilvegostomig in Combination With Fluoropyrimidine and Trastuzumab Deruxtecan as the First-line Treatment for HER2-positive Gastric CancerA Study Comparing JNJ-79635322 and an Anti-B-cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA)xCD3 Bispecific Antibody in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myelomaand 199 more in the JSON
From 6 records:T-cell engagers (bispecific)ElranatamabEpcoritamabPasritamigTarlatamabXaluritamig
A flood of inflammatory signals when immune cells are activated en masse, causing fever, low blood pressure, and sometimes organ failure.
Linked fromT-cell engagers (bispecific)ElranatamabEpcoritamabPasritamigTarlatamab+1
ICANS is confusion, speech difficulty, and rarely seizures after CAR-T or bispecific therapy.
Linked fromEpcoritamab
From 7 records:OsimertinibAmivantamabCiltacabtagene autoleucelTeclistamabBelantamab mafodotinAxicabtagene ciloleucelBlinatumomab
Lung cancers on osimertinib escape by mutating the drug's binding site, switching on a bypass receptor (MET), or changing cell type entirely.
ExemplarsOsimertinibAmivantamab
Myeloma escapes BCMA drugs by deleting or mutating the target, or by exhausting the T cells that were supposed to do the killing.
ExemplarsCiltacabtagene autoleucelTeclistamabBelantamab mafodotin
Leukaemia and lymphoma relapse after CD19 CAR-T either without CD19 (the target is gone) or with it (the CAR-T cells are gone or exhausted).
ExemplarsAxicabtagene ciloleucelBlinatumomab
From 69 records:Bispecific antibodiesT-cell engagers (bispecific)Trispecific antibodiesNK cell engagersAcasunlimabAI-081AmivantamabASP2138and 61 more in the JSON
HER2 status in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma: concordance between immunohistochemistry and chromogenic in situ hybridization in 140 cases In 140 resected bile duct and gallbladder cancers scored by the rules used in the zanidatamab trial, about one in ten was HER2-positive; ev… | 2,026 | Human Pathology | observational | |
HER2 status in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma: Concordance between immunohistochemistry and chromogenic in situ hybridization in 140 Cases In 140 resected bile duct and gallbladder cancers tested the way the zanidatamab trial did, about one in eleven was HER2-positive, and the… | 2,026 | Human Pathology | observational | |
Children's Oncology Group AALL1731: blinatumomab added to chemotherapy for children with standard-risk B-cell ALL Two courses of blinatumomab added to standard chemotherapy cut relapses in children with average- or higher-risk standard-risk leukaemia, r… | 2,025 | New England Journal of Medicine | rct | |
eNRGy: efficacy of zenocutuzumab in NRG1 fusion-positive cancer Zenocutuzumab, an antibody that grips HER2 and HER3 at once so the NRG1 growth signal cannot get through, shrank tumours in about three in… | 2,025 | New England Journal of Medicine | observational | |
HARMONi-2: ivonescimab, a PD-1 x VEGF bispecific, beats pembrolizumab head-to-head in PD-L1-positive lung cancer In the first randomised trial to beat pembrolizumab directly, a single antibody that blocks both PD-1 and VEGF nearly doubled the time to p… | 2,025 | The Lancet | rct | |
Clinical and genomic characterization of ERBB2-altered gallbladder cancer: exploring differences between an American and a Chilean cohort In 260 gallbladder cancer patients from New York and Santiago, HER2 gene changes were found in about one in seven at both centres, split be… | 2,024 | JCO Global Oncology | observational | |
ECOG-ACRIN E1910: adding blinatumomab to chemotherapy for adults with B-cell ALL already in MRD-negative remission Giving the bispecific blinatumomab to adults whose leukaemia was already undetectable after chemotherapy raised three-year survival from 68… | 2,024 | New England Journal of Medicine | rct | |
MARIPOSA: amivantamab plus lazertinib versus osimertinib as first treatment for EGFR-mutated lung cancer Combining an EGFR-MET bispecific antibody with a third-generation EGFR pill beat osimertinib alone, delaying progression by about seven mon… | 2,024 | New England Journal of Medicine | rct | |
Translational findings support regimen selection for first-in-human study of ubamatamab (MUC16 × CD3 bispecific antibody) in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer Paper cited by one treatment page and one target page, indexed on Europe PMC as PubMed record 39652449 and published in Clinical and transl… | 2,024 | Clinical and translational science | basic | |
AALL1331: blinatumomab added to chemotherapy in low-risk first relapse of childhood B-ALL In children with a late, low-risk relapse of leukaemia, adding three blocks of blinatumomab did not change survival overall, but for the tw… | 2,023 | Journal of Clinical Oncology | rct | |
Blinatumomab added to chemotherapy in infant KMT2A-rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukaemia Adding a single course of the bispecific antibody blinatumomab after induction chemotherapy in infants with KMT2A-rearranged leukaemia rais… | 2,023 | New England Journal of Medicine | observational | |
DeLLphi-301: tarlatamab, a DLL3-targeting T-cell engager, in previously treated small-cell lung cancer A bispecific antibody that pulls T cells onto small-cell lung cancer cells produced responses in 40% of patients whose cancer had come back… | 2,023 | New England Journal of Medicine | rct | |
EPCORE NHL-1: epcoritamab, a subcutaneous CD20 x CD3 bispecific, in relapsed large B-cell lymphoma including after CAR-T In EPCORE NHL-1, the off-the-shelf bispecific antibody epcoritamab, injected under the skin, produced responses in 63% of 157 patients with… | 2,023 | Journal of Clinical Oncology | translational | |
MagnetisMM-3: elranatamab, a second BCMA bispecific, with a switch to fortnightly dosing after response Elranatamab produced responses in 61% of heavily pretreated myeloma patients and showed that dosing can be thinned to every two weeks once… | 2,023 | Nature Medicine | translational | |
Zanidatamab for HER2-amplified, unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic biliary tract cancer (HERIZON-BTC-01): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2b study Paper cited by one cancer page, indexed on Europe PMC as PubMed record 37276871 and published in The Lancet Oncology; the citing page links… | 2,023 | The Lancet Oncology | observational | |
MajesTEC-1: teclistamab, an off-the-shelf BCMA bispecific antibody, in heavily pretreated myeloma A ready-made antibody that pulls T cells onto myeloma cells produced responses in 63% of patients after a median of five prior therapies, w… | 2,022 | New England Journal of Medicine | translational | |
MonumenTAL-1: talquetamab, a GPRC5D-directed bispecific antibody for relapsed multiple myeloma Talquetamab, an antibody that pulls T cells onto a new myeloma target called GPRC5D, produced responses in about seven in ten heavily pretr… | 2,022 | New England Journal of Medicine | observational | |
AALL1331: blinatumomab versus chemotherapy consolidation in high- and intermediate-risk first relapse of childhood B-ALL Children whose leukaemia relapsed did better when two cycles of the antibody blinatumomab replaced intensive chemotherapy before transplant… | 2,021 | JAMA | rct | |
INO-VATE: inotuzumab ozogamicin, a CD22 antibody-drug conjugate, versus chemotherapy for relapsed adult B-cell ALL A CD22 antibody-drug conjugate produced complete remission in 81% of adults with relapsed ALL compared with 29% on chemotherapy, at the cos… | 2,016 | New England Journal of Medicine | rct |
From 5 records:Cell therapy roadmap: CD19 CAR-T → solid tumours → in vivo CARGallbladder cancer roadmap: from a chance finding at gallstone surgery to a disease with its own trialsImmunotherapy roadmap: Coley's toxins → checkpoint inhibitors → engineered immunityPaediatric oncology roadmap: cooperative-group cures → engineered immunity → drugs developed for children firstTargeted therapy roadmap: imatinib → designed for resistance → the undruggable drivers fall
From 69 records:Bispecific antibodiesT-cell engagers (bispecific)Trispecific antibodiesNK cell engagersAcasunlimabAI-081AmivantamabASP2138and 61 more in the JSON
Transplant-free Ph-positive ALL for MRD-negative adults If a pill plus immunotherapy makes the leukaemia undetectable, can most adults safely skip a bone-marrow transplant? | Being tested at scale | |
Add the second drug on day one when the escape route is predictable If most tumours escape a drug by the same back-up route, blocking that route from the start may prevent resistance rather than chase it. | Early clinical | |
Biomarker-directed first-line quadruplets in gastric cancer Stomach cancer now has three add-on biomarkers (HER2, PD-L1, Claudin 18.2) that often overlap. Test whether combining two add-ons beats picking one. | Early clinical | |
ctDNA-guided escalation and de-escalation in frontline DLBCL Use an ultra-sensitive blood test after two cycles to decide who needs more than R-CHOP and who can stop early. | Early clinical | |
Menin inhibitors for infant KMT2A-rearranged ALL Infant leukaemia is driven almost entirely by KMT2A fusions, which menin inhibitors were built to attack. Add them to the new blinatumomab-containing backbone. | Early clinical | |
Reflex HER2 testing of every advanced gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary cancer Between one in eleven and one in five gallbladder cancers is HER2-positive and two HER2 drugs are now approved, but testing still happens only when someone ask… | Early clinical | |
Treat the body cavity, not the bloodstream, for surface spread Intracavitary immunotherapy targets cancer that coats the lining of the abdomen or chest, which drugs given by drip barely reach. Delivering it straight into t… | Early clinical | |
Anchor a TGF-beta trap in the tumour stroma so it cannot act everywhere TGF-beta is a signal that keeps immune cells out of tumours, but blocking it throughout the body caused bleeding and heart toxicity and sank bintrafusp alfa. T… | Preclinical evidence | |
Antibodies that see mutant KRAS and p53 fragments displayed on the cell surface Cells chop up their internal proteins and display the pieces on their surface. That means even undruggable proteins inside the cell can be attacked from outsid… | Preclinical evidence | |
Bispecific antibodies that engage macrophages instead of T cells Drugs that grab T cells and drag them onto tumours work well in blood cancers. The same trick aimed at tumour-eating cells might work where T cells are absent. | Preclinical evidence | |
Check whether a tumour can still show itself to the immune system Some tumours have broken the machinery that displays their identity to immune cells. Those patients cannot benefit from most immunotherapy and should be routed… | Preclinical evidence | |
Efflux-agnostic therapy for mesenchymal TNBC Some tumours pump out every drug. Use treatments the pumps cannot touch: radiation, radioligands, immune cells, and payloads designed to evade them. | Preclinical evidence | |
Flush dormant cells out of bone marrow, then kill them Sleeping cancer cells hide in bone marrow where drugs cannot reach them. Pushing them into the bloodstream on purpose, then treating, might clear them. | Preclinical evidence | |
Subtype-directed therapy for SCLC (ASCL1 / NEUROD1 / POU2F3 / inflamed) Small-cell lung cancer is at least four diseases under the microscope's uniform appearance. Treat each by its transcription-factor subtype. | Preclinical evidence | |
TCR therapeutics for non-HLA-A*02 patients Today's T-cell-receptor drugs only work for people with one tissue type. Building versions for the other common types would roughly double who can be treated. | Preclinical evidence | |
Use the brain's own transport door to carry antibody drugs across The brain imports iron through the transferrin receptor. Antibody shuttle domains that bind that receptor raise brain exposure roughly ten to fifty-fold in pri… | Preclinical evidence | |
Add a drug when the blood test turns, without stopping the one that works When a resistance mutation first appears in the blood, the current drug is often still controlling most of the tumour. Adding a second drug rather than swappin… | Speculative | |
An open engineering platform for academic ADCs and bispecifics Academic labs find new tumour targets but cannot turn an antibody into an antibody-drug conjugate or a bispecific without licensed linker and payload technolog… | Speculative | |
Detect tumours changing cell type from RNA in the blood Some cancers escape treatment by changing into a different kind of cell that the drug no longer affects. Tumour RNA in blood could show this shift months befor… | Speculative | |
Head-to-head bispecific vs CAR-T in second-line LBCL Nobody has directly compared an off-the-shelf bispecific with CAR-T in the same patients; a trial would settle where each belongs. | Speculative |
From no record yet:
CHO cell culture, Protein A purification, single-use plants and fill-finish, and the biosimilar copies that cut prices.
Antibody manufacturing (CHO bioprocessing)Downstream purification (Protein A capture, viral clearance, polishing)Single-use bioprocessing systemsSterile fill-finish and lyophilisationBiosimilar manufacturing and comparability
CompaniesSamsung BiologicsLonzaWuXi BiologicsFUJIFILM Diosynth BiotechnologiesBoehringer Ingelheim BioXcellenceThermo Fisher ScientificCatalent (Novo Holdings)Cytiva (Danaher)SartoriusMerck KGaA (EMD Serono)CelltrionSamsung BioepisBioconAmgen
| Site | Operator | Capabilities | Makes | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abzena Sanford Sanford, North Carolina, US · contract manufacturer | Abzena | ADC conjugationAntibody drug substance | Abzena | |
| Bristol Myers Squibb Devens Devens, Massachusetts, US · in-house | Bristol Myers Squibb | Cell therapyAntibody drug substance | BMS manufacturing | |
| Catalent Bloomington Bloomington, Indiana, US · contract manufacturer | Catalent (Novo Holdings) | Antibody drug substanceFill and finish | Catalent Biologics | |
| FUJIFILM Diosynth Holly Springs Holly Springs, North Carolina, US · contract manufacturer | FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies | Antibody drug substanceFill and finish | FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies | |
| Lonza Visp Visp, CH · contract manufacturer | Lonza | ADC conjugationPayload and linker chemistryAntibody drug substance | Lonza bioconjugates | |
| Samsung Biologics ADC facility Incheon (Songdo), KR · contract manufacturer | Samsung Biologics | ADC conjugationAntibody drug substance | Samsung Biologics | |
| WuXi XDC Wuxi Wuxi, CN · contract manufacturer | WuXi XDC | ADC conjugationPayload and linker chemistryAntibody drug substanceFill and finish | WuXi XDC |
The manufacturing map draws every site and the seven supply chains.
No manufacturing technology record is listed for this format.
The medicines are the ones the open drug engine files under bispecific antibodies, whether it placed them on its grid or listed them as unresolved. The technology records are listed by hand (src/lib/modular-formats.ts) and each carries a pill back here. Everything else follows the graph's links from those two sets: approvals, cancers and toxicity from the medicine records; companies, trials, papers and ideas from the records that name a medicine or technology; roadmap steps from their refs; resistance from the atlas; manufacturing from the site and supply chain records.
Nothing here is written for the hub. Where the corpus holds no record for a section, the section says so rather than filling the gap, and the counts are counts of records in OnCo, not of the world. The JSON companion carries every section with the record ids behind it. Not medical advice.