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An antigen to recognise, a binder that recognises it, a costimulatory domain that sets the tempo (4-1BB slow and durable, CD28 fast and sharp), a vector that installs the receptor, and the cell that carries it, taken from the patient or from a donor. The corpus holds 36 car cell therapies medicines: 14 approved, 4 in phase 3, 33 trials recruiting, 25 companies named. Every section below says which records it was read from.
From 1 record:CAR-T cell therapy
A patient's T cells are removed, given a synthetic receptor that recognises the cancer, multiplied, and put back as a living drug.
T cells are transduced with a lentiviral or retroviral chimeric antigen receptor (scFv + costimulatory domain + CD3ζ), infused after lymphodepletion, and expand in vivo.
TermsCytokine release syndrome (CRS)ICANS (neurotoxicity)H3 K27M (diffuse midline glioma)EGFRvIIIVein-to-vein time and manufacturing slotsApheresis (leukapheresis)
From 36 records:ADI-270Anitocabtagene autoleucelARD103Arlocabtagene AutoleucelAT101Axicabtagene ciloleucelAZD0120AZD4045and 28 more in the JSON
Target against costimulatory domain, 13 by 2. Open the grid, where every cell links to its medicines and the records behind its state.
From 14 records:Axicabtagene ciloleucelTisagenlecleucelBrexucabtagene autoleucelIdecabtagene vicleucelLisocabtagene maraleucelRelmacabtagene autoleucelCiltacabtagene autoleucelEquecabtagene autoleuceland 6 more in the JSON
Axicabtagene ciloleucel Yescarta | CD19 | 2017 | US | approved | ||
Tisagenlecleucel Kymriah | CD19 | 2017 | US | approved | ||
Brexucabtagene autoleucel Tecartus | CD19 | 2020 | USEU | approved | ||
Idecabtagene vicleucel Abecma | BCMA | 2021 | US | approved | ||
Lisocabtagene maraleucel Breyanzi | CD19 | 2021 | US | approved | ||
Relmacabtagene autoleucel Carteyva | CD19 | 2021 | China | approved | ||
Ciltacabtagene autoleucel Carvykti | BCMA | 2022 | US | approved | ||
Equecabtagene autoleucel Fucaso | BCMA | 2023 | China | approved | ||
Inaticabtagene autoleucel Yuanruida | CD19 | 2023 | China | approved | ||
Talicabtagene autoleucel NexCAR19 | CD19 | 2023 | IN | approved | ||
Obecabtagene autoleucel Aucatzyl | CD19 | 2024 | USEU | approved | ||
Varnimcabtagene autoleucel Qartemi | CD19 | 2024 | IN | approved | ||
Zevorcabtagene autoleucel Saikaize | BCMA | 2024 | China | approved | ||
| Satricabtagene autoleucel | Claudin 18.2 | 2025 | China | approved |
From 4 records:Anitocabtagene autoleucelArlocabtagene AutoleucelAZD0120Rondecabtagene autoleucel
| Phase 3 trials here | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anitocabtagene autoleucel | BCMA | 1 | phase 3 | |||
| Arlocabtagene Autoleucel | GPRC5D | 2 | phase 3 | |||
| AZD0120 | CD19 x BCMA | 5 | phase 3 | |||
| Rondecabtagene autoleucel | CD19 x CD20 | 2 | phase 3 |
From 36 records:ADI-270Anitocabtagene autoleucelARD103Arlocabtagene AutoleucelAT101Axicabtagene ciloleucelAZD0120AZD4045and 28 more in the JSON
And 3 more, every one a filter pill on the engine table.
From 25 records:Bristol Myers SquibbGilead Sciences (incl. Kite)AstraZenecaCARsgen TherapeuticsJohnson & JohnsonNovartisAutolus TherapeuticsCiplaand 17 more in the JSON
| Company | Type | Medicines | Approved | Phase 3 | Which |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bristol Myers Squibb US | pharma | 3 | 2 | 1 | |
| Gilead Sciences (incl. Kite) US | pharma | 3 | 2 | 1 | |
| AstraZeneca GB | pharma | 3 | 0 | 1 | |
| CARsgen Therapeutics CN | cell therapy | 2 | 2 | 0 | |
| Johnson & Johnson US | pharma | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
| Novartis CH | pharma | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
| Autolus Therapeutics GB | cell therapy | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Cipla IN | pharma | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| IASO Biotherapeutics CN | cell therapy | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Immuneel Therapeutics IN | cell therapy | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| ImmunoACT IN | cell therapy | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Innovent Biologics CN | biotech | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Juventas Cell Therapy CN | cell therapy | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| JW Therapeutics CN | cell therapy | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Legend Biotech US | cell therapy | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| WuXi AppTec CN | cro services | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| AbClon KR | cell therapy | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Adicet Bio US | cell therapy | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Cellectis FR | cell therapy | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| CRISPR Therapeutics CH | cell therapy | 1 | 0 | 0 |
The 5 others are in the JSON; every medicine's page names its companies.
From 33 records:A Phase III Study of Eque-cel in Subjects With Len-refractory RRMM (FUMANBA-03)A Study Comparing AZD0120, a Dual-targeted CAR-T Against B-cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA) and CD19, Versus Standard Regimens in Participants With RelaA Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of BMS-986393 Versus Standard Regimens in Adult Participants With Relapsed or Refractory and Lenalidomide-exposed Multiple Myeloma (QUINTESSENTIAL-2)A Study to Investigate Ronde-cel Versus Investigator's Choice CD19 CAR T-Cell TherapyStudy of AZD0120 in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Ineligible for ASCTStudy of Out of Specification for TisagenlecleucelA Modular, Phase I/II, Multicentre Study to Evaluate AZD4045, in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple MyelomaA Safety and Efficacy Study Evaluating CTX112 in Subjects With Relapsed or Refractory B-Cell Malignanciesand 25 more in the JSON
| Registry | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A Phase III Study of Eque-cel in Subjects With Len-refractory RRMM (FUMANBA-03) A Phase III Randomized, Controlled Study of Equecabtagene Autoleucel Injection in Subject… | Phase 3 | Nanjing IASO Biotechnology Co., Ltd. | 240 | NCT06464991 | ||
A Study Comparing AZD0120, a Dual-targeted CAR-T Against B-cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA) and CD19, Versus Standard Regimens in Participants With Rela A Phase III Open-label, Randomised, Multicentre Study Comparing AZD0120, a Dual-Targeting… | Phase 3 | AstraZeneca | 508 | NCT07391657 | ||
A Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of BMS-986393 Versus Standard Regimens in Adult Participants With Relapsed or Refractory and Lenalidomide-exposed Multiple Myeloma (QUINTESSENTIAL-2) A Phase 3, Randomized, Open-Label, Multicenter Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety o… | Phase 3 | Juno Therapeutics, a Bristol-Myers Squibb | 440 | NCT06615479 | ||
A Study to Investigate Ronde-cel Versus Investigator's Choice CD19 CAR T-Cell Therapy A Phase 3 Randomized Controlled Trial of Rondecabtagene Autoleucel, an Autologous, Dual-t… | Phase 3 | Lyell Immunopharma | 400 | NCT07188558 | ||
Study of AZD0120 in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Ineligible for ASCT Phase III Open-Label, Randomised Study of Consolidation With AZD0120 (Dual-Targeting BCMA… | Phase 3 | AstraZeneca | 750 | NCT07764978 | ||
Study of Out of Specification for Tisagenlecleucel A Phase IIIb Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Tisagenlecleucel Out of Specification fo… | Phase 3 | Novartis Pharmaceuticals | 200 | NCT04094311 | ||
A Modular, Phase I/II, Multicentre Study to Evaluate AZD4045, in Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma A Modular, Phase I/II, Open-label, Multicentre Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability… | Phase 1/2 | AstraZeneca | 101 | NCT07681596 | ||
A Safety and Efficacy Study Evaluating CTX112 in Subjects With Relapsed or Refractory B-Cell Malignancies A Phase 1/2, Open-Label, Multicenter, Dose Escalation and Cohort Expansion Study of the S… | Phase 1/2 | CRISPR Therapeutics AG | 120 | NCT05643742 | ||
A Study of CNCT19 Treatment in Children and Adolescent r/r ALL Patients(Pediatric) A Phase Ib/II, Single Arm, Multi-center Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of CNCT1… | Phase 1/2 | Juventas Cell Therapy Ltd. | 47 | NCT05667506 | ||
A Study of GC012F in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma A Phase I/II Clinical Study of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy Targeting CD19 an… | Phase 1/2 | Gracell Biotechnologies (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. | 110 | NCT06235229 | ||
A Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Lisocabtagene Maraleucel (Liso-cel) as First-Line Therapy in Adults With Transplant-Ineligible Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma The CAROLYN Trial: Lisocabtagene Maraleucel as First-Line Therapy for Primary Central Ner… | Phase 2 | Juno Therapeutics, Inc., a Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | 65 | NCT07015242 | ||
A Study to Evaluate DJI136, a DLL3-targeted CAR-T Therapy A Phase I/II Open-label Study of DJI136, a DLL3-targeted CAR-T Therapy, in Adult Patients… | Phase 1/2 | Novartis Pharmaceuticals | 80 | NCT07564401 | ||
A Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Ciltacabtagene Autoleucel A Phase 2 Multicohort Trial to Further Characterize the Efficacy and Safety of Ciltacabta… | Phase 2 | Janssen Research & Development, LLC | 60 | NCT07149857 | ||
AZD0120 in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma (DURGA-1) A Phase Ib/II Study of AZD0120, Dual-Targeting Autologous Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cel… | Phase 1/2 | AstraZeneca | 232 | NCT05850234 | ||
CD19-targeted CAR T Cells for Relapsed or Refractory (R/R) Large B-cell Lymphoma An Open-Label, Single-Arm Study of Relma-cel, CD19-targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CA… | Phase 2 | Shanghai Ming Ju Biotechnology Co., Ltd. | 12 | NCT06479356 | ||
Clinical Study of ARD103 CAR-T Therapy for Patients With R/R AML or MDS A Phase 1/2, Open-label, Multicenter Trial to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of ARD103 in… | Phase 1/2 | ARCE Therapeutics, Inc. | 49 | NCT06680752 | ||
Clinical Trial of CNCT19 Cell Injection in the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Phase Ⅱ Clinical Trial of CNCT19 Cell Injection in the Treatment of CD19 Positive Relapse… | Phase 2 | Juventas Cell Therapy Ltd. | 100 | NCT04684147 | ||
DALY II Japan/MB-CART2019.1 for DLBCL A Multi-center Single Arm Phase II Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Genetical… | Phase 2 | Miltenyi Biomedicine GmbH | 31 | NCT07288879 | ||
DALY II USA/ MB-CART2019.1 for DLBCL A Multi-center Single Arm Phase II Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Genetical… | Phase 2 | Miltenyi Biomedicine GmbH | 315 | NCT04792489 | ||
Efficacy and Safety of MB-CART2019.1 vs. SoC in Lymphoma Patients A Pivotal Phase II Randomised, Multi-centre, Open-label Study to Evaluate the Efficacy an… | Phase 2 | Miltenyi Biomedicine GmbH | 213 | NCT04844866 | ||
Emapalumab Prevention of CAR-T Cell Associated Toxicities A Phase 2 Trial of Emapalumab for the Prevention of CAR-T Cell Associated Toxicities | Phase 2 | Marcela V. Maus, M.D.,Ph.D. | 28 | NCT06550141 | ||
Illuminate: A Clinical Study Evaluating CAR T Immune Cell Therapy (BCB-276) for Patients With Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG). A Phase 2 Pivotal Study of BCB-276, a B7-H3-Specific CAR T Cell Locoregional Immunotherap… | Phase 2 | BrainChild Bio, Inc | 75 | NCT07680439 | ||
Phase 1/2 Study of EB-NK-301 (Allogeneic TROP2-CAR NK Cells) in Advanced TROP2-Expressing Solid Tumors A Phase 1/2, Open-Label, Dose-Escalation and Dose-Expansion Study Evaluating the Safety,… | Phase 1/2 | Beijing Biotech | 60 | NCT07589530 | ||
Phase 1/2 Study of UCART22 in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory CD22+ B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (BALLI-01) Open Label Dose-escalation and Dose-expansion Study to Evaluate the Safety, Expansion, Pe… | Phase 1/2 | Cellectis S.A. | 52 | NCT04150497 | ||
Phase II Clinical Trial of CNCT19 Cell Injection in the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Phase II Clinical Trial of CNCT19 Cell Injection in the Treatment of Relapsed or Refracto… | Phase 2 | Juventas Cell Therapy Ltd. | 60 | NCT04586478 | ||
Safety and Efficacy of GYA01 (CART84) in Relapsed/Refractory (R/R) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Acute Lymphoblastic T Leukemia Patients (T-ALL). Phase I/IIa Clinical Trial With Dose Escalation to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of the In… | Phase 1/2 | Gyala Therapeutics | 33 | NCT07471789 | ||
Safety and Efficacy Study of Zamtocabtagene Autoleucel (MB-CART2019.1) in Pediatric Patients With R/R B-Cell Neoplasms A Single-arm, Multi-center, Open-label Phase II Study to Determine the Safety and Efficac… | Phase 2 | Miltenyi Biomedicine GmbH | 31 | NCT06508931 | ||
Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of AT101 in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory B-cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma An Open-label, Single-arm, Multi-center, Phase I/II Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerab… | Phase 1/2 | AbClon | 82 | NCT05338931 | ||
Study of Arlocabtagene Autoleucel (BMS-986393) a GPRC5D-directed CAR T Cell Therapy in Adult Participants With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma A Phase 2, Open-Label, Multicenter Study of Arlocabtagene Autoleucel (BMS-986393), a GPRC… | Phase 2 | Juno Therapeutics, Inc., a Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | 230 | NCT06297226 | ||
Study of Efficacy and Safety of CRC01 in Adult Large B-cell Lymphoma and B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients An Open-label, Multi-center, Single-arm Phase 1/2 Study to Assess Tolerability, Safety an… | Phase 1/2 | Curocell Inc. | 91 | NCT04836507 |
From 8 records:CAR-T cell therapyBrexucabtagene autoleucelIdecabtagene vicleucelLisocabtagene maraleucelObecabtagene autoleucelTalicabtagene autoleucelTisagenlecleucelVarnimcabtagene autoleucel
A flood of inflammatory signals when immune cells are activated en masse, causing fever, low blood pressure, and sometimes organ failure.
Linked fromCAR-T cell therapyBrexucabtagene autoleucelIdecabtagene vicleucelLisocabtagene maraleucelObecabtagene autoleucel+3
ICANS is confusion, speech difficulty, and rarely seizures after CAR-T or bispecific therapy.
Linked fromCAR-T cell therapyBrexucabtagene autoleucelIdecabtagene vicleucelLisocabtagene maraleucelObecabtagene autoleucel+3
From 5 records:Ciltacabtagene autoleucelTeclistamabBelantamab mafodotinAxicabtagene ciloleucelBlinatumomab
Myeloma escapes BCMA drugs by deleting or mutating the target, or by exhausting the T cells that were supposed to do the killing.
ExemplarsCiltacabtagene autoleucelTeclistamabBelantamab mafodotin
Leukaemia and lymphoma relapse after CD19 CAR-T either without CD19 (the target is gone) or with it (the CAR-T cells are gone or exhausted).
ExemplarsAxicabtagene ciloleucelBlinatumomab
From 45 records:CAR-T cell therapyCAR-T for glioma (IL13Rα2, GD2, EGFRvIII, multi-target)In vivo CAR-TCAR-NK & CAR-macrophageCAR-T against stroma: fibroblasts and myeloid cellsAutologous CAR-T manufacturing, batch by batchApheresis and starting-material collectionCryopreservation and cell-therapy cold chainand 37 more in the JSON
Claudin-18 isoform 2-specific CAR T-cell therapy (satri-cel) versus treatment of physician's choice for previously treated advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer (CT041-ST-01): a randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial The first randomised trial of CAR-T cells in a solid tumour: in heavily pretreated Claudin 18.2-positive stomach cancer, satri-cel held the… | 2,025 | The Lancet | rct | |
Phase II study of zevorcabtagene autoleucel, a fully human BCMA-targeting CAR T cell therapy, in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma Paper cited by one trial page and one treatment page, indexed on Europe PMC as PubMed record 41029877 and published in Experimental hematol… | 2,025 | Experimental hematology & oncology | observational | |
Talicabtagene autoleucel for relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancies: an open-label, multicentre, phase 1/2 study The trial report behind India's first CAR-T therapy: about three in four heavily pretreated patients with lymphoma or leukaemia responded t… | 2,025 | Lancet Haematology | rct | |
Equecabtagene Autoleucel in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma: The FUMANBA-1 Nonrandomized Clinical Trial Paper cited by one trial page and one treatment page, indexed on Europe PMC as PubMed record 39509090 and published in JAMA Oncology; the c… | 2,024 | JAMA Oncology | observational | |
The academic point-of-care anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell product varnimcabtagene autoleucel (ARI-0001 cells) shows efficacy and safety in the treatment of relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma Paper cited by one treatment page, indexed on Europe PMC as PubMed record 37905734 and published in British journal of haematology; the cit… | 2,024 | British journal of haematology | observational | |
Zevorcabtagene Autoleucel: First Approval Paper cited by one treatment page, indexed on Europe PMC as PubMed record 38888762 and published in Molecular diagnosis & therapy; the citi… | 2,024 | Molecular diagnosis & therapy | review | |
CARTITUDE-4: cilta-cel CAR-T versus standard combinations after one to three prior lines of myeloma therapy Moving BCMA CAR-T to the second line cut the risk of progression or death by 74% compared with standard triplets, and later improved overal… | 2,023 | New England Journal of Medicine | rct | |
Development and manufacture of novel locally produced anti-BCMA CAR T cells for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: results from a phase I clinical trial (HBI0101) A hospital in Jerusalem built and made its own CAR-T cells against the myeloma protein BCMA; in the first 20 heavily treated patients, 75 p… | 2,023 | Haematologica | observational | |
Equecabtagene Autoleucel: First Approval Paper cited by one treatment page, indexed on Europe PMC as PubMed record 37658205 and published in Molecular diagnosis & therapy; the citi… | 2,023 | Molecular diagnosis & therapy | review | |
KarMMa-3: ide-cel CAR-T versus standard regimens in triple-class-exposed relapsed myeloma The first randomised CAR-T trial in myeloma tripled median progression-free survival (13.3 versus 4.4 months) compared with standard combin… | 2,023 | New England Journal of Medicine | rct | |
GD2-CAR T cell therapy for H3K27M-mutated diffuse midline gliomas Paper cited by one cancer page and one technology page, indexed on Europe PMC as PubMed record 35130560 and published in Nature; the citing… | 2,022 | Nature | basic | |
TRANSFORM: liso-cel CAR-T versus salvage chemotherapy and transplant in early-relapsing large B-cell lymphoma In TRANSFORM, a second CD19 CAR-T, lisocabtagene maraleucel, also beat chemotherapy-plus-transplant as second-line treatment, with a low ra… | 2,022 | The Lancet | rct | |
ZUMA-7: axi-cel CAR-T instead of salvage chemotherapy and transplant for large B-cell lymphoma that relapses early For lymphoma that came back within a year, going straight to CAR-T beat the decades-old chemotherapy-then-transplant approach, and later im… | 2,022 | New England Journal of Medicine | rct | |
CARTITUDE-1: cilta-cel, a BCMA CAR-T, in heavily pretreated myeloma A single infusion of BCMA-directed CAR-T cells produced responses in 97% of patients whose myeloma had failed a median of six prior lines,… | 2,021 | The Lancet | translational | |
DESTINY-CRC01: trastuzumab deruxtecan in HER2-expressing metastatic colorectal cancer Trastuzumab deruxtecan shrank tumours in about 45 percent of patients with HER2-high colorectal cancer, including those who had already rec… | 2,021 | The Lancet Oncology | observational | |
Relmacabtagene autoleucel (relma-cel) CD19 CAR-T therapy for adults with heavily pretreated relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma in China Paper cited by one trial page and one treatment page, indexed on Europe PMC as PubMed record 33382529 and published in Cancer medicine; the… | 2,021 | Cancer medicine | rct | |
Human chimeric antigen receptor macrophages for cancer immunotherapy Paper cited by one technology page, indexed on Europe PMC as PubMed record 32361713 and published in Nature Biotechnology; the citing page… | 2,020 | Nature Biotechnology | basic | |
UCART19: the first gene-edited, donor-derived CAR-T cells in children and adults with relapsed B-cell ALL Off-the-shelf CAR-T cells made from a healthy donor, gene-edited to avoid rejection and graft-versus-host disease, produced remission in 14… | 2,020 | The Lancet | translational | |
Use of CAR-Transduced Natural Killer Cells in CD19-Positive Lymphoid Tumors Paper cited by one technology page, indexed on Europe PMC as PubMed record 32023374 and published in New England Journal of Medicine; the c… | 2,020 | New England Journal of Medicine | observational | |
ZUMA-2: brexu-cel CAR-T for mantle cell lymphoma that has failed BTK inhibitors In mantle cell lymphoma that had stopped responding to BTK inhibitors, a single CAR-T infusion produced responses in 93% of patients and co… | 2,020 | New England Journal of Medicine | translational | |
JULIET: tisagenlecleucel for adults with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma In adults with aggressive lymphoma after at least two prior treatments, tisagenlecleucel produced responses in 52% and complete responses i… | 2,019 | New England Journal of Medicine | translational | |
ELIANA: the global trial that made tisagenlecleucel the first approved CAR-T therapy for children and young adults with relapsed ALL Across 25 centres, 81% of children and young adults with relapsed or refractory ALL went into remission after a single tisagenlecleucel inf… | 2,018 | New England Journal of Medicine | translational | |
In vivo generation of human CD19-CAR T cells results in B-cell depletion and signs of cytokine release syndrome Paper cited by one technology page and one idea page, indexed on Europe PMC as PubMed record 30224381 and published in EMBO molecular medic… | 2,018 | EMBO molecular medicine | basic | |
ZUMA-1: axicabtagene ciloleucel for refractory large B-cell lymphoma, the first CAR-T approved for lymphoma In lymphoma refractory to chemotherapy, where expected survival was around six months, a single CAR-T infusion produced responses in 82% of… | 2,017 | New England Journal of Medicine | translational | |
Regression of Glioblastoma after Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy Paper cited by one technology page, indexed on Europe PMC as PubMed record 28029927 and published in New England Journal of Medicine; the c… | 2,016 | New England Journal of Medicine | observational | |
Maude 2014: CD19 CAR-T cells produce complete remission in 27 of 30 children and adults with relapsed ALL The first sizeable series of CD19 CAR-T therapy showed complete remission in 90% of patients with leukaemia that had failed everything else… | 2,014 | New England Journal of Medicine | translational |
From 6 records:Cell therapy roadmap: CD19 CAR-T → solid tumours → in vivo CARGlobal access and affordability roadmap: essential medicines and generics → biosimilars and frugal trials → reliance, pooling and homegrown innovationImmunotherapy roadmap: Coley's toxins → checkpoint inhibitors → engineered immunityPaediatric oncology roadmap: cooperative-group cures → engineered immunity → drugs developed for children firstPaths to cures: interception, eradication, controlRadical oncology: what could change the war by 2035
From 45 records:CAR-T cell therapyCAR-T for glioma (IL13Rα2, GD2, EGFRvIII, multi-target)In vivo CAR-TCAR-NK & CAR-macrophageCAR-T against stroma: fibroblasts and myeloid cellsAutologous CAR-T manufacturing, batch by batchApheresis and starting-material collectionCryopreservation and cell-therapy cold chainand 37 more in the JSON
Full refund for CAR-T if the patient has not responded at three months Health systems would pay for a $400,000 cell therapy only if it works. If the cancer has not responded by three months, the company refunds the price. | Being tested at scale | |
One CAR-T infusion instead of autologous transplant Replace high-dose melphalan and stem-cell rescue with a single infusion of the patient's engineered T cells after induction. | Being tested at scale | |
CD30 CAR-T for multiply relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma Engineer T cells against CD30 for the few patients who fail brentuximab, PD-1 blockade and transplant. | Early clinical | |
Collect and freeze T cells at diagnosis for high-risk patients, before chemotherapy By the time patients need CAR-T their immune cells are often exhausted by earlier treatment. Storing healthy cells early would improve manufacturing success an… | Early clinical | |
Deliver CAR-T cells straight into the fluid around the brain Cancer spreading along the linings of the brain is almost untreatable. Injecting engineered immune cells directly into the brain fluid, through a small reservo… | Early clinical | |
GD2 CAR-T as consolidation in high-risk neuroblastoma Give engineered GD2 T cells to children in remission after standard therapy, where the long-term data show the deepest and longest cures. | Early clinical | |
Harmonise Europe's hospital exemption for academic cell therapies, with one registry Spain lets hospitals make and use their own CAR-T under a special rule; most European countries do not. A common rule with shared outcome tracking would spread… | Early clinical | |
Hospital-based CAR-T manufacturing at cost through a public network Academic hospitals can already make CAR-T cells for a fraction of the commercial price. A public network would scale that so more patients can be treated for l… | Early clinical | |
Hospital-exemption cell therapies at scale, backed by a shared registry European law already lets hospitals make advanced therapies for their own patients. Pair that with a shared outcomes registry so academic CAR-Ts and similar tr… | Early clinical | |
Hospital-made CAR-T under one shared regulatory master file Instead of shipping a patient's cells to a distant factory, hospitals would make CAR-T on site under a shared licence, cutting cost and waiting time. | Early clinical | |
In vivo CAR-T as a vial on the shelf: a cost and access trial in lymphoma Some new medicines reprogramme immune cells inside the body with an injection, skipping the factory entirely. Test whether that makes CAR-T affordable and avai… | Early clinical | |
Mutual recognition of GMP inspections for cell, gene and radiopharmaceutical plants Factories making living or radioactive cancer medicines are inspected separately by each country. Accepting each other's inspections would free up inspectors a… | Early clinical | |
Neoadjuvant immunotherapy with surgical window for glioblastoma Give immunotherapy before surgery rather than after, so the tumour is still present to teach the immune system, then look inside it to learn what happened. | Early clinical | |
Non-profit, open-licence lentiviral vectors and producer cell lines for CAR-T The engineered virus that delivers the CAR gene costs tens of thousands of dollars per patient and is controlled by a few suppliers. A non-profit supplier with… | Early clinical | |
Non-viral CAR-T (transposon or CRISPR knock-in) as the default manufacturing route Putting the CAR gene into T cells without a virus removes the most expensive and delay-prone ingredient. Test whether non-viral products match viral ones. | Early clinical | |
Outcome-based annuity payments for potentially curative one-time therapies Instead of paying hundreds of thousands up front for a CAR-T or gene therapy, the health system would pay in yearly instalments that stop if the cancer comes b… | Early clinical | |
Pay for one-time curative therapies as an annuity that stops at relapse A single cell therapy can cost more than a house. Paying in yearly instalments, only while the patient stays well, spreads the cost and shares the risk. | Early clinical | |
Pay-for-cure contracts: instalment payments for curative therapies contingent on durable remission For very expensive one-time treatments such as CAR-T, pay in instalments over years and stop paying if the cancer comes back, so price tracks the cure actually… | Early clinical | |
Peritoneal-directed therapy for gastric cancer Stomach cancer usually comes back on the abdominal lining, where drugs barely reach. Deliver treatment directly into the abdomen. | Early clinical | |
Plan the second CAR-T target before the first one is lost Cell therapies fail when the tumour stops showing the marker they were built to find. Preparing an alternative product in advance would let doctors switch quic… | Early clinical | |
Public cell-therapy foundries at cancer centres for academics and start-ups Building a cell-therapy factory costs tens of millions, so most good academic ideas never reach patients. Shared public facilities would give them a route to t… | Early clinical | |
Public payers cover academic CAR-T at cost as a benchmark for commercial prices Hospitals in Spain make their own CAR-T for a third of the commercial price. Paying for such products at cost gives health systems a lever in negotiating with… | Early clinical | |
Public reference standards and potency assays for CAR-T so every lab measures alike There is no agreed ruler for measuring how strong a CAR-T product is. Shared reference materials would let hospitals, companies and regulators compare products… | Early clinical | |
Public-sector CAR-T manufacturing in India, Brazil and South Africa under $50,000 India has shown CAR-T can be made for a tenth of the US price. Public production in large middle-income countries could make it available to millions who are c… | Early clinical | |
Qualify one iPSC master cell bank once for many off-the-shelf cell products Cell therapies made from a single stem cell line could be produced in bulk. Regulators should let companies certify the parent cell line once rather than repea… | Early clinical | |
Regional translational institutes with academic GMP suites and IND teams Build a handful of publicly-funded centres where academic discoveries can be manufactured to clinical grade and written up for regulators, so good ideas do not… | Early clinical | |
Regionally delivered mesothelin CAR-T with PD-1 blockade Deliver engineered T cells directly into the chest cavity where mesothelioma grows, and give immunotherapy to keep them working. | Early clinical | |
Shared modular GMP facilities for academic personalised vaccines and cell products Personalised cancer vaccines and cell therapies need a manufacturing run for each patient, and universities cannot afford their own plants. Regional closed, au… | Early clinical | |
Treat the body cavity, not the bloodstream, for surface spread Intracavitary immunotherapy targets cancer that coats the lining of the abdomen or chest, which drugs given by drip barely reach. Delivering it straight into t… | Early clinical | |
Two-day CAR-T manufacture paired with rapid release tests that regulators accept CAR-T can now be made in a day or two, but the safety tests to release it still take two weeks. Faster tests would let patients be treated within days. | Early clinical |
From 4 records:Autologous CAR-T manufacturing, batch by batchApheresis and starting-material collectionCryopreservation and cell-therapy cold chainPoint-of-care and decentralised cell manufacturing
Apheresis, vector, closed manufacturing, cryopreservation and chain of identity, release testing, point of care and allogeneic banks.
Apheresis and starting-material collectionViral vector manufacturing (lentiviral, retroviral, AAV)Autologous CAR-T manufacturing, batch by batchClosed automated cell-therapy manufacturingCryopreservation and cell-therapy cold chainCell-therapy orchestration and chain-of-identity softwareCell-therapy release and potency testingPoint-of-care and decentralised cell manufacturingAllogeneic cell banks: one donor, hundreds of doses
CompaniesNovartisGilead Sciences (incl. Kite)Bristol Myers SquibbLegend BiotechAutolus TherapeuticsOXB (Oxford Biomedica)Miltenyi BiotecCytiva (Danaher)LonzaCellaresCryoportTerumo Blood and Cell TechnologiesCellectisAllogene TherapeuticsImmunoACT
| Site | Operator | Capabilities | Makes | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bristol Myers Squibb Devens Devens, Massachusetts, US · in-house | Bristol Myers Squibb | Cell therapyAntibody drug substance | BMS manufacturing | |
| Cellares Smart Factory South San Francisco, California, US · contract manufacturer | Cellares | Cell therapy | Cellares | |
| Kite El Segundo El Segundo, California, US · in-house | Kite (Gilead) | Cell therapy | Kite manufacturing | |
| Kite Frederick Frederick, Maryland, US · in-house | Kite (Gilead) | Cell therapyViral vector | Kite manufacturing | |
| Kite Hoofddorp Hoofddorp, NL · in-house | Kite (Gilead) | Cell therapy | Kite manufacturing | |
| Legend Biotech and Janssen Raritan Raritan, New Jersey, US · in-house | Legend Biotech with Johnson & Johnson | Cell therapy | Legend Biotech | |
| Legend Biotech Ghent (Tech Lane) Ghent, BE · in-house | Legend Biotech with Johnson & Johnson | Cell therapy | Legend Biotech | |
| Miltenyi Biotec Bergisch Gladbach, DE · contract manufacturer | Miltenyi Biotec | Cell therapyViral vector | Miltenyi Biotec | |
| Novartis Morris Plains Morris Plains, New Jersey, US · in-house | Novartis | Cell therapy | Novartis cell therapy | |
| Oxford Biomedica Oxbox Oxford, GB · contract manufacturer | Oxford Biomedica | Viral vector | Oxford Biomedica |
The manufacturing map draws every site and the seven supply chains.
Each CAR-T dose is a separate factory run for one patient: collect their T cells, activate them, add the CAR gene with a virus, grow them for a week or two, freeze, test and ship them back. The steps…
Apheresis is collecting a patient's white blood cells through a machine over several hours. Every autologous CAR-T begins here, and the quality of these cells shapes the final product.
Freezing cells at minus 150 degrees and shipping them in liquid-nitrogen 'dry shippers' with tracking, so a living drug arrives alive and matched to the right patient.
Making CAR-T cells at or near the hospital instead of shipping cells to a central factory and back.
The medicines are the ones the open drug engine files under car cell therapies, whether it placed them on its grid or listed them as unresolved. The technology records are listed by hand (src/lib/modular-formats.ts) and each carries a pill back here. Everything else follows the graph's links from those two sets: approvals, cancers and toxicity from the medicine records; companies, trials, papers and ideas from the records that name a medicine or technology; roadmap steps from their refs; resistance from the atlas; manufacturing from the site and supply chain records.
Nothing here is written for the hub. Where the corpus holds no record for a section, the section says so rather than filling the gap, and the counts are counts of records in OnCo, not of the world. The JSON companion carries every section with the record ids behind it. Not medical advice.