Naked antibodies
A target and an antibody format: whether the Fc is engineered to recruit killer cells, silenced to avoid them, fused to a trap, or copied as a biosimilar. The grid below is target against antibody format: 43 by 6 from 112 medicines, 34 combinations approved, 33 in development, 3 tried and stopped, 213 untried in this corpus.
Every tried combination
Stopped, and why
3 medicines recorded as stopped; 49 recorded reasons, including stopped studies of medicines still in development- EpacadostatTried and stopped
An enzyme blocker meant to stop tumours starving T cells of tryptophan. Its 2018 phase 3 failure ended an entire class overnight.
- MagrolimabTried and stopped
The first 'don't eat me' signal blocker. Gilead paid $4.9B for it; it was stopped in 2024 after trials showed more deaths, not fewer.
- TiragolumabTried and stopped
An immune-brake blocker that looked excellent in a phase 2 lung cancer trial and then failed every phase 3.
- FianlimabIn development
Primary PFS endpoint not met; numerical +5.1 months median PFS at the high dose.
Fianlimab + cemiplimab phase 3 (first-line melanoma): phase 3, negative · trial record
- SasanlimabIn development
Zumrad with BCG for BCG-naive high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: marketing authorisation application withdrawn by Pfizer 13 Feb 2026 before a CHMP opinion, after the CHMP questioned protocol and statistical changes made during the main study
EMA / European Commission (EU): withdrawn · regulator row
- AlemtuzumabApproved
MabCampath authorised 6 Jul 2001; marketing authorisation withdrawn at Genzyme's request 8 Aug 2012 (commercial reasons); patient access programmes continued nationally
EMA / European Commission (EU): withdrawn 2012 · regulator row
- AtezolizumabApproved
TNBC indication withdrawn after IMpassion131
- AtezolizumabApproved
PFS HR 1.03; OS HR 0.94, negative.
CONTACT-03: phase 3, negative · trial record
- AtezolizumabApproved
Interim RFS HR 0.72; benefit not sustained at update.
IMbrave050: phase 3, negative · trial record
- AtezolizumabApproved
PFS HR 0.82 (not significant); OS trend unfavourable; US indication withdrawn 2021.
IMpassion131: phase 3, negative · trial record
- BevacizumabApproved
Bevacizumab added to radiotherapy and temozolomide did not improve event-free survival in newly diagnosed paediatric high-grade glioma.
HERBY: phase 2, negative · trial record
- Bevacizumab (glioblastoma use)Approved
Bevacizumab added to radiotherapy and temozolomide prolonged progression-free survival but not overall survival in newly diagnosed glioblastoma.
AVAglio: phase 3, negative · trial record
- Bevacizumab (glioblastoma use)Approved
OS 9.8 vs 10.0 months, HR 1.04 (95% CI 0.83-1.30); no benefit.
CheckMate 143: phase 3, negative · trial record
- CamrelizumabApproved
Complete response letter for camrelizumab + rivoceranib in HCC (manufacturing/inspection)
- CamrelizumabApproved
Second complete response letter
- Camrelizumab + rivoceranibApproved
First CRL: manufacturing inspection findings
- Camrelizumab + rivoceranibApproved
Second CRL
- Camrelizumab + rivoceranibApproved
Third CRL, again cGMP
- CemiplimabApproved
Primary PFS endpoint not met; numerical +5.1 months median PFS at the high dose.
Fianlimab + cemiplimab phase 3 (first-line melanoma): phase 3, negative · trial record
- CetuximabApproved
Severe toxicity similar; 2-year overall survival 97.5% (cisplatin) vs 89.4% (cetuximab).
De-ESCALaTE HPV: phase 3, negative · trial record
- CetuximabApproved
Median overall survival 28.7 months (60 Gy) vs 20.3 months (74 Gy); cetuximab no benefit.
RTOG 0617: phase 3, negative · trial record
- CetuximabApproved
5-year overall survival 84.6% (cisplatin) vs 77.9% (cetuximab); non-inferiority not met.
RTOG 1016: phase 3, negative · trial record
- CosibelimabApproved
Complete response letter citing third-party manufacturing inspection findings
- DurvalumabApproved
Durvalumab added to chemoradiotherapy did not significantly improve progression-free survival in locally advanced cervical cancer.
CALLA: phase 3, negative · trial record
- DurvalumabApproved
Stopped early; primary endpoint not met.
DREAM3R: phase 3, negative · trial record
- DurvalumabApproved
Concurrent durvalumab with chemoradiotherapy did not significantly improve progression-free survival over chemoradiotherapy alone.
PACIFIC-2: phase 3, negative · trial record
- IpilimumabApproved
Nivolumab plus low-dose ipilimumab did not improve recurrence-free survival over nivolumab alone after resection of stage III to IV melanoma.
CheckMate 915: phase 3, negative · trial record
- IpilimumabApproved
Nivolumab plus ipilimumab did not improve survival over nivolumab alone; the trial closed for futility.
Lung-MAP S1400I: nivolumab with or without ipilimumab: phase 3, negative · trial record
- MargetuximabApproved
MAA withdrawn 2022
EMA / European Commission (EU): withdrawn 2022 · regulator row
- NecitumumabApproved
Portrazza authorised 15 Feb 2016; Lilly did not apply for renewal and the authorisation expired 18 Feb 2021 (lack of demand)
EMA / European Commission (EU): withdrawn 2021 · regulator row
- NivolumabApproved
OS 9.8 vs 10.0 months, HR 1.04 (95% CI 0.83-1.30); no benefit.
CheckMate 143: phase 3, negative · trial record
- NivolumabApproved
OS 13.4 vs 14.9 months, HR 1.31 (95% CI 1.09-1.58); worse with nivolumab.
CheckMate 498: phase 3, negative · trial record
- NivolumabApproved
OS 28.9 vs 32.1 months, HR 1.1 (95% CI 0.9-1.3); no PFS or OS benefit.
CheckMate 548: phase 3, negative · trial record
- NivolumabApproved
Nivolumab plus low-dose ipilimumab did not improve recurrence-free survival over nivolumab alone after resection of stage III to IV melanoma.
CheckMate 915: phase 3, negative · trial record
- NivolumabApproved
Nivolumab plus ipilimumab did not improve survival over nivolumab alone; the trial closed for futility.
Lung-MAP S1400I: nivolumab with or without ipilimumab: phase 3, negative · trial record
- NivolumabApproved
RFS not improved.
RELATIVITY-098: phase 3, negative · trial record
- NivolumabApproved
PFS HR 1.10; no benefit from nivolumab rechallenge.
TiNivo-2: phase 3, negative · trial record
- OfatumumabApproved
Arzerra authorised 19 Apr 2010; marketing authorisation withdrawn at Novartis's request 28 Feb 2019 (commercial reasons)
EMA / European Commission (EU): withdrawn 2019 · regulator row
- PembrolizumabApproved
Primary PFS endpoint not met; numerical +5.1 months median PFS at the high dose.
Fianlimab + cemiplimab phase 3 (first-line melanoma): phase 3, negative · trial record
- PembrolizumabApproved
PFS HR 0.82 (not significant); OS trend unfavourable; US indication withdrawn 2021.
IMpassion131: phase 3, negative · trial record
- PembrolizumabApproved
Pembrolizumab added to chemoradiotherapy did not significantly improve event-free survival.
KEYNOTE-412: phase 3, negative · trial record
- PembrolizumabApproved
OS HR 0.84, not significant.
LEAP-002: phase 3, negative · trial record
- PembrolizumabApproved
Primary endpoint not met (ASCO GU 2026).
LITESPARK-012: phase 3, negative · trial record
- PembrolizumabApproved
Genmab has decided to discontinue further clinical development of acasunlimab following strategic portfolio prioritization. The decision was not related to safety concerns.
- PertuzumabApproved
Pathological complete response 44.4% (T-DM1 + pertuzumab) vs 55.7% (TCHP); more locoregional progression before surgery with T-DM1.
KRISTINE: phase 3, negative · trial record
- Relatlimab + nivolumabApproved
RFS not improved.
RELATIVITY-098: phase 3, negative · trial record
- SintilimabApproved
CRL Mar 2022 for ORIENT-11 (single-country trial); ODAC 14 to 1
FDA (US): rejected 2022 · regulator row
- SintilimabApproved
Complete response letter for ORIENT-11 (first-line non-squamous NSCLC); ODAC voted 14 to 1 that additional data were needed for US applicability
- TrastuzumabApproved
Pathological complete response 44.4% (T-DM1 + pertuzumab) vs 55.7% (TCHP); more locoregional progression before surgery with T-DM1.
KRISTINE: phase 3, negative · trial record
Not placed
36 of 148 medicines in this format (24%)These medicines belong to the format but their target is on no record the engine reads: the targets field is empty, the target lists no such drug, the trials linked to it name no target of its own, and the modality, mechanism and summary text name none the corpus knows. They are listed here rather than placed by guesswork; adding the target to the record puts them in the grid on the next build.
How this grid is read from the records
Each medicine's parts come from its own record: the targets field first, else the target records that list the medicine, else a sibling conjugate that shares its antibody name, else the trials linked to it, else the target names the corpus knows found in its modality, mechanism or summary text. The second part is read from the medicine's technology links first and from its modality and mechanism text second; a part no record names is shown as not recorded. Every part carries the fields it was read from and a confidence in the JSON file.
What the states mean, and do not
Approved: a medicine in the cell has an approval row or a regulator's approved entry and is not recorded as withdrawn. In development: a recruiting, active or planned trial, a development-phase record status, or active studies in the ClinicalTrials.gov index, and no approval. Tried and stopped: every medicine in the cell is withdrawn, negative or historic, or its only trial evidence is a terminated, withdrawn or negative study, or its approval was withdrawn. Untried: no medicine in this corpus combines the two parts.
A cell is coloured by its strongest medicine; the table shows each medicine with its own state. The reasons quoted under Stopped, and why are the records' words, including the registry's whyStopped text where the sponsor wrote one, and include stopped studies of medicines that are still in development elsewhere. Nothing here is medical advice.