2013 in oncology

The approvals rows on treatment records: region, year and indication.

• 2013Afatinib approved in EU

  EU brand Giotrif

• 2013Afatinib approved in US

  First-line metastatic NSCLC with EGFR exon 19 del or L858R

• 2013Bosutinib approved in EU

  Ph+ CML

• 2013cobas EGFR Mutation Test v2 approved in US

  EGFR exon 19 deletion / L858R companion diagnostic for erlotinib (v1)

• 2013Dabrafenib approved in EU

  BRAF V600 melanoma; later NSCLC and adjuvant melanoma with trametinib

• 2013Dabrafenib approved in US

  BRAF V600E unresectable or metastatic melanoma (single agent)

• 2013Defibrotide approved in EU

  Severe hepatic veno-occlusive disease after HSCT in patients over one month (Defitelio)

• 2013Denosumab approved in US

  Giant cell tumour of bone; hypercalcaemia of malignancy (2014); multiple myeloma (2018)

• 2013Erlotinib approved in US

  First-line NSCLC with EGFR exon 19 del or L858R

• 2013Gemcitabine + nab-paclitaxel approved in US

  First-line metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (nab-paclitaxel label)

• 2013Ibrutinib approved in US

  Relapsed mantle cell lymphoma (accelerated); first BTK inhibitor

• 2013Lipegfilgrastim approved in EU

  Reduction in duration of neutropenia and febrile neutropenia after cytotoxic chemotherapy in adults (children from 2 years added 2021)

• 2013Mechlorethamine (chlormethine) approved in US

  Topical treatment of stage IA and IB mycosis fungoides-type CTCL after skin-directed therapy (Valchlor)

• 2013Nab-paclitaxel approved in US

  First-line metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma with gemcitabine (MPACT). FDA label (DailyMed)

• 2013Obinutuzumab approved in US

  Previously untreated CLL with chlorambucil (CLL11)

• 2013Pertuzumab approved in US

  Neoadjuvant HER2+ early breast cancer (accelerated; first pCR-based approval)

• 2013Pomalidomide approved in EU

  Relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma

• 2013Pomalidomide approved in US

  Multiple myeloma after ≥2 therapies including lenalidomide and a proteasome inhibitor

• 2013Prosigna (PAM50) approved in US

  Prognosis of distant recurrence in postmenopausal HR+ early breast cancer (510(k))

• 2013Radium-223 dichloride approved in US

  Symptomatic bone-metastatic CRPC without visceral disease

• 2013Regorafenib approved in EU

  Metastatic colorectal cancer after available therapies. Stivarga marketing authorisation issued 26 August 2013.

• 2013Regorafenib approved in US

  GIST after imatinib and sunitinib

• 2013Sipuleucel-T approved in EU

  Same (withdrawn 2015 for commercial reasons)

• 2013Sorafenib approved in US

  Radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer

• 2013Technetium-99m tilmanocept approved in US

  Lymphatic mapping with a handheld gamma counter in breast cancer and melanoma

• 2013therascreen companion diagnostic kits (KRAS, EGFR, PIK3CA, FGFR, BRAF) approved in US

  therascreen EGFR: afatinib in EGFR-mutant NSCLC

• 2013Trametinib approved in US

  BRAF V600E/K unresectable or metastatic melanoma (single agent)

• 2013Trastuzumab emtansine approved in US

  HER2+ metastatic breast cancer after trastuzumab and taxane

• 2013Vismodegib approved in EU

  Same

• 2013Ziv-aflibercept approved in EU

  Metastatic colorectal cancer resistant to or progressing after oxaliplatin, with FOLFIRI

• 2013Ziv-aflibercept approved in EU

  Metastatic colorectal cancer resistant to or progressing after an oxaliplatin-containing regimen, with FOLFIRI. Zaltrap marketing authorisation issued 1 February 2013.

The regulatory events on treatment records: designations, filings, decisions, label changes and withdrawals, most of them carrying a full date.

• 22 February 2013Trastuzumab emtansine: approval (US)

  HER2+ metastatic breast cancer after trastuzumab and taxane (EMILIA); first ADC for a solid tumour

• 6 September 2013Paclitaxel / nab-paclitaxel: approval (US)

  nab-Paclitaxel with gemcitabine for metastatic pancreatic cancer

• 30 September 2013Pertuzumab: approval (US)

  Neoadjuvant accelerated approval on pCR

• 31 October 2013Ponatinib: withdrawal (US)

  Temporary marketing suspension for arterial occlusion; returned with narrowed label December 2013

• 13 November 2013Ibrutinib: approval (US)

  Mantle cell lymphoma (accelerated); first BTK inhibitor

The statutes, regulations, guidance and court rulings in the law index, dated to the year the instrument was made.

• 2013Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics (2013)

  United States, court ruling.

• 2013Novartis v. Union of India (Glivec, 2013)

  India, court ruling.

The dated NCCN and ESMO versions in the guideline history, with the rows each one added, removed or recategorised.

• February 2013NCCN 2012-2013 updates for HER2-positive breast cancer

  2 rows added. Anchored to FDA approvals of pertuzumab (June 2012, CLEOPATRA) and trastuzumab emtansine (February 2013, EMILIA).

  PertuzumabTrastuzumabCLEOPATRATrastuzumab emtansine

The year reported on trial records, with the headline result the record gives.

• 2013153Sm-EDTMP With or Without a PSA/TRICOM Vaccine To Treat Men With Androgen-Insensitive Prostate Cancer reported
  Prostate cancerSamarium-153 lexidronamSargramostim
• 2013ACOSOG Z1071 (Alliance) reported

  False-negative rate of sentinel node surgery after chemotherapy 12.6 percent when two or more sentinel nodes were removed, above the 10 percent threshold; pathological complete nod...

  Breast cancer (all types)HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancerHER2-positive breast cancerTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)
• 2013ACT II reported

  Complete response about 90% with either mitomycin or cisplatin; no benefit from maintenance chemotherapy.

  Anal cancer (squamous cell carcinoma)Localised anal squamous cell carcinoma (stage I to III)Mitomycin CCisplatin
• 2013ALSYMPCA reported

  OS HR 0.70.

  Prostate cancerMetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancerRadium-223 dichloride
• 2013APL0406 reported

  All-trans retinoic acid plus arsenic trioxide was superior to retinoic acid plus chemotherapy for event-free and overall survival in non-high-risk APL.

  Acute promyelocytic leukaemiaAcute myeloid leukaemiaTretinoin (all-trans retinoic acid, ATRA)Arsenic trioxide
• 2013Breast and Melanoma Trial With Lymphoseek to Identify Lymph Nodes reported
  Breast cancer (all types)MelanomaTechnetium-99m tilmanocept
• 2013CONKO-001 reported

  Median disease-free survival 13.4 months with adjuvant gemcitabine against 6.7 months with observation (hazard ratio 0.55); five-year overall survival 20.7 against 10.4 percent (ha...

  Resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomaPancreatic ductal adenocarcinomaGemcitabine
• 2013CORRECT reported

  Median overall survival 6.4 against 5.0 months (hazard ratio 0.77); grade 3 or worse hand-foot skin reaction in 17 percent.

  Colorectal cancerRegorafenib
• 2013COU-AA-302 reported

  Median radiographic progression-free survival 16.5 against 8.3 months (hazard ratio 0.53, 95 percent confidence interval 0.45 to 0.62) and overall survival not reached against 27.2...

  Prostate cancerMetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancerAbiraterone acetatePrednisone
• 2013CYTO-PV reported

  Cardiovascular death or major thrombosis 2.7% vs 9.8% (hazard ratio 3.91 for the higher target).

  Polycythaemia vera (PV)Myeloproliferative neoplasms (PV, ET, myelofibrosis)Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide)Phosphorus-32 (radiophosphorus)
• 2013DECISION reported

  PFS 10.8 vs 5.8 months; HR 0.59.

  Thyroid cancer
• 2013EORTC 26951 reported

  Median overall survival 42.3 vs 30.6 months overall; in 1p/19q co-deleted tumours not reached vs 112 months.

  Glioma & glioblastomaBrain and spinal cord tumours (all types)Oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeletedLomustine (CCNU)
• 2013EORTC 40983 reported

  No overall survival difference at 8.5 years (hazard ratio 0.88); the earlier progression-free survival benefit stands.

  Colorectal cancerFOLFOX (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin)OxaliplatinFluorouracil (5-FU)
• 2013GETUG-AFU 15 reported

  Median overall survival 58.9 against 54.2 months (hazard ratio 1.01, 95 percent confidence interval 0.75 to 1.36); no benefit found, but the trial was underpowered and CHAARTED and...

  Prostate cancerMetastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancerDocetaxel
• 2013GRID reported

  Regorafenib lengthened progression-free survival compared with placebo in GIST after imatinib and sunitinib; approved in February 2013.

  Imatinib-resistant GISTGastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST)Sarcomas (soft tissue, bone, GIST)Regorafenib
• 2013LCH-III reported

  12 vs 6 months of vinblastine-prednisone: 5-year reactivation 37% vs 54% in risk-organ-negative disease; methotrexate added no benefit.

  Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH)Multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis (with or without risk-organ involvement)Single-system Langerhans cell histiocytosis (bone, skin or one other organ)Vinblastine
• 2013LUX-Lung 3 reported

  Median progression-free survival 11.1 against 6.9 months (hazard ratio 0.58); 13.6 against 6.9 months in exon 19 deletion or L858R disease.

  EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancerAdenocarcinoma of the lungAfatinibCisplatin
• 2013MPACT reported

  Median overall survival 8.5 months with nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine against 6.7 months with gemcitabine (hazard ratio 0.72, 95 percent confidence interval 0.62 to 0.83; p below...

  Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomaMetastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomaGemcitabine + nab-paclitaxelNab-paclitaxel
• 2013PRIME reported

  In RAS wild-type disease, overall survival 26.0 against 20.2 months (hazard ratio 0.78); patients with non-exon-2 RAS mutations did worse with panitumumab.

  Colorectal cancerPanitumumabFOLFOX (5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin)Oxaliplatin
• 2013READY reported

  Median overall survival 21.5 against 21.2 months (stratified hazard ratio 0.99, 95.5 percent confidence interval 0.87 to 1.13, p=0.90): no benefit.

  Prostate cancerMetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancerDasatinibDocetaxel
• 2013RTOG 9402 reported

  1p/19q co-deleted: median overall survival 14.7 vs 7.3 years.

  Glioma & glioblastomaBrain and spinal cord tumours (all types)Oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeletedLomustine (CCNU)
• 2013Safety and Efficacy of Different Dose Levels of Pasireotide in Patients With de Novo, Persistent or Recurrent Cushing's Disease reported
  Pituitary tumours (pituitary neuroendocrine tumours) and pituitary carcinomaPasireotide
• 2013SCALOP reported

  Nine-month progression-free survival 62.9 percent with capecitabine-based against 51.4 percent with gemcitabine-based chemoradiotherapy; median overall survival 15.2 against 13.4 m...

  Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomaLocally advanced unresectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomaCapecitabineGemcitabine
• 2013SIOPEL-4 reported

  Complete remission at the end of therapy in 79 percent of 62 high-risk patients; complete resection 74 percent; three-year event-free survival 76 percent and overall survival 83 pe...

  HepatoblastomaChildhood cancers (all types)CisplatinDoxorubicin
• 2013START-A (UK Standardisation of Breast Radiotherapy, trial A) reported

  Ten-year local-regional relapse 6.3 percent with 41.6 Gy in thirteen fractions, 8.8 percent with 39 Gy and 7.4 percent with 50 Gy in twenty-five, with fewer late normal-tissue effe...

  Breast cancer (all types)HR-positive / HER2-negative breast cancerHER2-positive breast cancerTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)
• 2013Study 201 reported

  CAILS response 58.5% with mechlorethamine gel against 47.7% with compounded ointment (ratio 1.23, met noninferiority); modified SWAT response 46.9% against 46.2%.

  Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome)Mechlorethamine (chlormethine)
• 2013SWOG 9346 (intermittent androgen deprivation) reported

  Median survival 5.8 years with continuous against 5.1 years with intermittent androgen deprivation (hazard ratio 1.10, 90 percent confidence interval 0.99 to 1.23); non-inferiority...

  Prostate cancerMetastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer
• 2013SWOG S0421 reported

  Median overall survival 17.8 against 17.6 months (hazard ratio 1.04, 95 percent confidence interval 0.90 to 1.19) and progression-free survival 9.2 against 9.1 months (1.02, 0.89 t...

  Prostate cancerMetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancerAtrasentanDocetaxel
• 2013Trial of Lymphoseek in Intraoperative Localization of Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer and Melanoma reported
  Breast cancer (all types)MelanomaTechnetium-99m tilmanocept
• 2013XM22-03 reported

  Cycle 1 mean duration of severe neutropenia 0.7 days vs 0.8 days with pegfilgrastim (p = 0.126); the authors and the Lonquex product information report non-inferiority on this prim...

  Breast cancer (all types)LipegfilgrastimPegfilgrastim

The publication year on key paper records.

• 2013Abiraterone in metastatic prostate cancer without previous chemotherapy

  Ryan CJ, Smith MR, de Bono JS, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.

• 2013ACT II: mitomycin or cisplatin chemoradiation with or without maintenance chemotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the anus

  James RD, Glynne-Jones R, Meadows HM, et al. The Lancet Oncology.

• 2013Adjuvant temozolomide plus cisplatin versus high-dose interferon versus observation in resected mucosal melanoma

  Lian B, Si L, Cui C, et al. Clinical Cancer Research.

• 2013Adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with metastatic melanoma: intent-to-treat analysis and efficacy after failure to prior immunothe...

  Besser MJ, Shapira-Frommer R, Itzhaki O, Treves AJ, Zippel DB, Levy D, Kubi A, Shoshani N, Zikich D, Ohayon Y, Ohayon D, Shalmon B, Markel G, Yerushalmi R, Apter S, Ben-Nun A, Scha...

• 2013ALSYMPCA: alpha emitter radium-223 and survival in metastatic prostate cancer with bone metastases

  Parker C, Nilsson S, Heinrich D, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.

• 2013Analysis of tumor specimens at the time of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI therapy in 155 patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancers

  Yu HA, Arcila ME, Rekhtman N, et al. Clinical Cancer Research.

• 2013APL0406: retinoic acid plus arsenic trioxide without chemotherapy for low- and intermediate-risk acute promyelocytic leukaemia

  Lo-Coco F, Avvisati G, Vignetti M, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.

• 2013Bendamustine plus rituximab versus CHOP plus rituximab as first-line treatment for patients with indolent and mantle-cell lymphomas: an open-label, multicentre...

  Rummel MJ, Niederle N, Maschmeyer G, et al. The Lancet.

• 2013Cancer genome landscapes: about 140 driver genes, and each tumour needs only a handful

  Vogelstein B, Papadopoulos N, Velculescu VE, Zhou S, Diaz LA Jr, Kinzler KW. Science.

• 2013Cancer, pregnancy and fertility: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up

  Peccatori FA, Azim HA, Orecchia R, et al. Annals of Oncology.

• 2013Chen and Mellman 2013: the cancer-immunity cycle

  Chen DS, Mellman I. Immunity.

• 2013CONKO-001: adjuvant gemcitabine and long-term outcomes after resected pancreatic cancer

  Oettle H, Neuhaus P, Hochhaus A, et al. JAMA.

• 2013Crizotinib versus chemotherapy in advanced ALK-positive lung cancer

  Shaw AT, Kim DW, Nakagawa K, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.

• 2013Dose-adjusted EPOCH-rituximab therapy in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma

  Dunleavy K, Pittaluga S, Maeda LS, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.

• 2013Efficacy and safety of lipegfilgrastim versus pegfilgrastim in breast cancer patients receiving doxorubicin and docetaxel (XM22-03)

  Bondarenko I, Gladkov OA, Elsaesser R, et al. BMC Cancer.

• 2013EORTC 26951: adjuvant PCV after radiotherapy for anaplastic oligodendroglial tumours, long-term follow-up

  van den Bent MJ, Brandes AA, Taphoorn MJ, et al. Journal of Clinical Oncology.

• 2013Evaluation of PIK3CA mutation as a predictor of benefit from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy in colorectal cancer

  Domingo E, Church DN, Sieber O, et al. Journal of Clinical Oncology.

• 2013Evolutionary dynamics of cancer in response to targeted combination therapy

  Bozic I, Reiter JG, Allen B, et al. eLife.

• 2013EXAM: cabozantinib in progressive medullary thyroid cancer

  Elisei R, Schlumberger MJ, Müller SP, et al. Journal of Clinical Oncology.

• 2013Frequent somatic TERT promoter mutations in thyroid cancer: higher prevalence in advanced forms of the disease

  Landa I, Ganly I, Chan TA, et al. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

• 2013Germline BRCA mutations are associated with higher risk of nodal involvement, distant metastasis and poor survival outcomes in prostate cancer

  Castro E, Goh C, Olmos D, et al. Journal of Clinical Oncology.

• 2013Germline mutations affecting the proofreading domains of POLE and POLD1 predispose to colorectal adenomas and carcinomas

  Palles C, Cazier JB, Howarth KM, et al. Nature Genetics.

• 2013GETUG-AFU 15: androgen deprivation alone or with docetaxel in non-castrate metastatic prostate cancer

  Gravis G, Fizazi K, Joly F, et al. The Lancet Oncology.

• 2013GRID: regorafenib for advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumours after failure of imatinib and sunitinib

  Demetri GD, Reichardt P, Kang YK, et al. The Lancet.

• 2013Icotinib versus gefitinib in previously treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (ICOGEN): a randomised, double-blind phase 3 non-inferiority trial

  Shi Y, Zhang L, Liu X, et al. The Lancet Oncology.

• 2013Imatinib for melanomas harbouring mutationally activated or amplified KIT arising on mucosal, acral and chronically sun-damaged skin

  Hodi FS, Corless CL, Giobbie-Hurder A, et al. Journal of Clinical Oncology.

• 2013Impact of deleterious passenger mutations on cancer progression

  McFarland CD, Korolev KS, Kryukov GV, et al. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

• 2013Integrated genomic characterisation of endometrial carcinoma (The Cancer Genome Atlas)

  Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network, Kandoth C, Schultz N, et al. Nature.

• 2013LCH-III: therapy prolongation improves outcome in multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis

  Gadner H, Minkov M, Grois N, et al. Blood.

• 2013Long-term results of RTOG 91-11: three non-surgical strategies to preserve the larynx

  Forastiere AA, Zhang Q, Weber RS, et al. Journal of Clinical Oncology.

• 2013Lumpectomy plus tamoxifen with or without irradiation in women age 70 years or older with early breast cancer: long-term follow-up of CALGB 9343

  Hughes KS, Schnaper LA, Bellon JR, et al. Journal of Clinical Oncology.

• 2013Method of the Year 2012

  Authors not listed. Nature methods.

• 2013MPACT (Von Hoff 2013): nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine for metastatic pancreatic cancer

  Von Hoff DD, Ervin T, Arena FP, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.

• 2013NORDIC NEC: predictive and prognostic factors in 305 patients with advanced gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinoma

  Sorbye H, Welin S, Langer SW, et al. Annals of Oncology.

• 2013Ostrem and Shokat: the hidden pocket that made KRAS G12C druggable

  Ostrem JM, Peters U, Sos ML, Wells JA, Shokat KM. Nature.

• 2013PACE: ponatinib in Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukaemias resistant to earlier tyrosine kinase inhibitors

  Cortes JE, Kim DW, Pinilla-Ibarz J, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.

• 2013Panitumumab-FOLFOX4 treatment and RAS mutations in colorectal cancer (PRIME)

  Douillard JY, Oliner KS, Siena S, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.

• 2013Pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and docetaxel for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (CLEOPATRA study): overall survival results from a randomised, double-blind, p...

  Swain SM, Kim SB, Cortés J, et al. The Lancet Oncology.

• 2013Phase II trial of bicalutamide in patients with androgen receptor-positive, estrogen receptor-negative metastatic breast cancer

  Gucalp A, Tolaney S, Isakoff SJ, et al. Clinical Cancer Research.

• 2013Platinum-based chemotherapy for variant castration-resistant prostate cancer (aggressive variant criteria)

  Aparicio AM, Harzstark AL, Corn PG, et al. Clinical Cancer Research.

• 2013Practical recommendations for the management of children with endemic Burkitt lymphoma (BL) in a resource limited setting

  Hesseling P, Israels T, Harif M, et al. Pediatric Blood & Cancer.

• 2013Punctuated evolution of prostate cancer genomes

  Baca SC, Prandi D, Lawrence MS, et al. Cell.

• 2013Quail and Joyce 2013: microenvironmental regulation of tumour progression and metastasis

  Quail DF, Joyce JA. Nature Medicine.

• 2013Regorafenib monotherapy for previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer (CORRECT)

  Grothey A, Van Cutsem E, Sobrero A, et al. The Lancet.

• 2013RTOG 9402: PCV chemotherapy before radiotherapy for anaplastic oligodendroglioma, long-term results

  Cairncross G, Wang M, Shaw E, et al. Journal of Clinical Oncology.

• 2013Siegel 2013: Cancer statistics, 2013

  Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians.

• 2013SIOP CNS GCT 96: outcomes for children and adults with intracranial germinoma treated with radiotherapy alone or chemotherapy plus reduced radiotherapy

  Calaminus G, Kortmann R, Worch J, et al. Neuro-Oncology.

• 2013SIOPEL-4: dose-dense cisplatin-based chemotherapy and surgery for high-risk hepatoblastoma

  Zsiros J, Brugieres L, Brock P, et al. The Lancet Oncology.

• 2013Socioeconomic inequalities in lung cancer treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis

  Forrest LF, Adams J, Wareham H, et al. PLoS Medicine.

• 2013Subgroup-specific prognostic implications of TP53 mutation in medulloblastoma

  Zhukova N, Ramaswamy V, Remke M, et al. Journal of Clinical Oncology.

• 2013SWOG 9346: intermittent versus continuous androgen deprivation in metastatic prostate cancer

  Hussain M, Tangen CM, Berry DL, et al. New England Journal of Medicine.

• 2013Targeting CXCL12 from FAP-expressing carcinoma-associated fibroblasts synergizes with anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer

  Feig C, Jones JO, Kraman M, et al. PNAS.

• 2013The financial toxicity of cancer treatment: a pilot study assessing out-of-pocket expenses and the insured cancer patient's experience

  Zafar SY, Peppercorn JM, Schrag D, et al. The oncologist.

• 2013The serrated pathway to colorectal carcinoma: current concepts and challenges

  Bettington M, Walker N, Clouston A, et al. Histopathology.

• 2013The UK Standardisation of Breast Radiotherapy (START) trials of radiotherapy hypofractionation for treatment of early breast cancer: 10-year follow-up results o...

  Haviland JS, Owen JR, Dewar JA, et al. The Lancet Oncology.

• 2013Topical chemotherapy in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: positive results of a randomized, controlled, multicenter trial testing the efficacy and safety of a novel me...

  Lessin SR, Duvic M, Guitart J, et al. JAMA Dermatology.

• 2013Transmembrane voltage potential is an essential cellular parameter for the detection and control of tumor development in a Xenopus model

  Chernet BT, Levin M. Disease models & mechanisms.

• 2013Washington State cancer patients found to be at greater risk for bankruptcy than people without a cancer diagnosis

  Ramsey S, Blough D, Kirchhoff A, et al. Health affairs (Project Hope).

• 2013Wisconsin Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) to improve cancer-related fatigue: a randomized, double-blind trial, N07C2

  Barton DL, Liu H, Dakhil SR, et al. JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

The history entries editors wrote on cancer records: the dated turning points of each disease.

• 2013ACT II published: mitomycin equals cisplatin, no maintenance, assess response at 26 weeks

  Localised anal squamous cell carcinoma (stage I to III)

  ACT IIClinical complete response (cCR)
• 2013ACT II: mitomycin-5-FU standard; no maintenance benefit

  Anal cancer (squamous cell carcinoma)

  Mitomycin CFluorouracil (5-FU)
• 2013ALSYMPCA: radium-223, the first alpha emitter

  Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer

  ALSYMPCARadium-223 dichloride
• 2013An inherited BRCA mutation is shown to change the disease

  Prostate cancer. Among 2,019 men, carriers present at higher grade and stage and live 8.6 years from diagnosis against 15.7 for non-carriers, which is why a carrier's localised dis...

  Germline BRCA mutations are associated with higher risk of nodal involvement, distant metastasis and poor survival outcomes in prostate cancerBRCA1 / BRCA2 (HRD)
• 2013APL0406: retinoic acid plus arsenic beats retinoic acid plus chemotherapy

  Acute promyelocytic leukaemia

  Tretinoin (all-trans retinoic acid, ATRA)Arsenic trioxide
• 2013ATLAS: ten years of tamoxifen beats five

  High-risk early HR-positive breast cancer

  Tamoxifen
• 2013CALR mutations

  Myeloproliferative neoplasms (PV, ET, myelofibrosis). Klampfl and Nangalia find CALR exon 9 mutations in most JAK2-negative ET/PMF.

• 2013CALR mutations discovered

  Essential thrombocythaemia (ET). Klampfl and Nangalia find CALR exon 9 mutations in most JAK2-negative ET and myelofibrosis.

• 2013CALR mutations found in most JAK2-negative myelofibrosis

  Primary myelofibrosis

• 2013Chinese randomised trial: adjuvant temozolomide-cisplatin beats interferon

  Mucosal melanoma

  TemozolomideCisplatinInterferon alfa-2a/2b
• 2013CPSS risk score for CMML

  Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia and MDS/MPN overlap neoplasms. Such and colleagues; CPSS-Mol adds mutations in 2016.

• 2013CYTO-PV proves the haematocrit target

  Polycythaemia vera (PV). Keeping the haematocrit under 45 percent gives fewer cardiovascular deaths and major clots than a 45 to 50 percent target.

  CYTO-PVHaematocrit
• 2013Dabrafenib and trametinib approved as single agents

  BRAF V600-mutant melanoma

  DabrafenibTrametinib
• 2013Dunleavy: dose-adjusted EPOCH-R cures 93 percent without radiotherapy (NEJM)

  Primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma

  RituximabEtoposideDoxorubicinWyndham H. Wilson
• 2013ESR1 ligand-binding domain mutations found as the cause of acquired endocrine resistance

  HR-positive metastatic breast cancer after CDK4/6 inhibitors

• 2013Exome sequencing finds TRAF7, KLF4, AKT1 and SMO mutations in NF2-intact meningiomas

  Meningioma. Clark and colleagues (Science) and Brastianos and colleagues (Nature Genetics).

• 2013Extended RAS, and inherited proofreading failure

  Colorectal cancer. A further 17% of KRAS exon 2 wild-type patients in PRIME carry another RAS mutation and gain nothing from panitumumab, which moved the label to all RAS; germline...

  Panitumumab-FOLFOX4 treatment and RAS mutations in colorectal cancer (PRIME)Germline mutations affecting the proofreading domains of POLE and POLD1 predispose to colorectal adenomas and carcinomasPOLE
• 2013EZH2 dependency of SMARCB1-deficient cells

  Epithelioid sarcoma. Knutson and colleagues, PNAS: EZH2 inhibition kills INI1-negative cells.

• 2013FGFR2 fusions and IDH1 mutations characterised as drivers of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

  Biliary tract cancer (cholangiocarcinoma)

  FGFR2 fusions and rearrangementsIDH1 / IDH2
• 2013Gemcitabine + nab-paclitaxel (MPACT)

  Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

  Gemcitabine + nab-paclitaxel
• 2013Genomic landscape shows NOTCH1 and chromatin-remodelling mutations

  Adenoid cystic carcinoma

• 2013GRID: regorafenib approved in the third line

  Imatinib-resistant GIST

  Regorafenib
• 2013Haematocrit target proven

  Myeloproliferative neoplasms (PV, ET, myelofibrosis). CYTO-PV: keeping haematocrit <45% cuts cardiovascular death and major thrombosis in PV.

• 2013Hainsworth phase 2: molecular tissue-of-origin assay-directed therapy

  Cancer of unknown primary, unfavourable (adenocarcinoma and poorly differentiated carcinoma)

• 2013How EGFR-mutant lung cancer escapes, counted

  Non-small-cell lung cancer. Rebiopsy of 155 patients: T790M in 63%, MET amplification in 5%, HER2 amplification in 13% and small-cell transformation in 3%, making rebiopsy at progr...

  Analysis of tumor specimens at the time of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI therapy in 155 patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancersEGFRMET
• 2013Ibrutinib: first BTK inhibitor approved

  Mantle cell lymphoma. 68% response in relapsed MCL; the first indication for any BTK inhibitor.

  Ibrutinib
• 2013IFM 2005-01 phase 2: bortezomib-based induction and transplant lengthens survival

  Plasma cell leukaemia

  BortezomibAutologous stem cell transplant (high-dose therapy)
• 2013Imatinib approved for children with newly diagnosed Ph-positive ALL

  Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children (Ph-positive ALL)

  Imatinib
• 2013International collaboration on primary urethral carcinoma

  Urethral cancer. Gakis and colleagues pool multi-institutional data, showing benefit of perioperative chemotherapy and defining the EAU guideline.

• 2013LANDSCAPE: lapatinib with capecitabine shrinks untreated brain metastases

  HER2-positive breast cancer with brain metastases

  LapatinibCapecitabine
• 2013LCH-III: 12 months of therapy reduces reactivation

  Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). Gadner and colleagues (Blood 2013).

  VinblastineLCH-III
• 2013LCH-III: twelve months of therapy halves reactivation; methotrexate adds nothing

  Multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis (with or without risk-organ involvement)

  LCH-IIIVinblastine
• 2013LCH-III: twelve months of vinblastine and prednisone reduces reactivation

  Single-system Langerhans cell histiocytosis (bone, skin or one other organ)

  LCH-IIIVinblastine
• 2013Long-term results: radiotherapy plus PCV doubles survival in codeleted tumours

  Oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted. RTOG 9402 median 14.7 versus 7.3 years; EORTC 26951 median not reached versus 112 months (both JCO).

  RTOG 9402EORTC 26951
• 2013Long-term RTOG 91-11 data show more non-cancer deaths after concurrent treatment

  Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer

  RTOG 91-11
• 2013Low-dose induction etoposide-cisplatin shown to reduce early deaths in ultra-high-risk disease

  High-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (FIGO score 7 or more, including ultra-high-risk)

  EtoposideCisplatin
• 2013MPACT: gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel lengthens survival over gemcitabine

  Metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

  Gemcitabine + nab-paclitaxelDaniel D. Von HoffMPACT (Von Hoff 2013): nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine for metastatic pancreatic cancer
• 2013NORDIC NEC: Ki-67 below 55 percent marks a less platinum-sensitive, longer-surviving group

  Grade 3 well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumour

• 2013NORDIC NEC: Ki-67 below 55 percent predicts less platinum response but longer survival

  Extrapulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma

• 2013Obinutuzumab approved; ibrutinib debuts

  Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. CLL11 (obinutuzumab-chlorambucil) and ibrutinib's first approval (MCL).

  ObinutuzumabIbrutinib
• 2013Ostrem and Shokat describe covalent inhibitors of KRAS G12C

  KRAS G12C-mutant colorectal cancer

  KRASKRAS & RAS inhibitors
• 2013Ostrem and Shokat show the G12C cysteine can be trapped by a covalent inhibitor

  KRAS G12C-mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

  Kevan M. ShokatOstrem and Shokat: the hidden pocket that made KRAS G12C druggable
• 2013Ostrem and Shokat trap mutant G12C cysteine in the switch-II pocket

  KRAS G12C-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer

  Kevan M. ShokatKRASOstrem and Shokat: the hidden pocket that made KRAS G12C druggable
• 2013Pertuzumab: first approval granted on a pathological complete response endpoint

  Early HER2-positive breast cancer

  Pertuzumab
• 2013Radium-223: first alpha emitter approved (ALSYMPCA)

  Prostate cancer

  Radium-223 dichlorideALSYMPCA
• 2013Regorafenib approved (GRID)

  Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST)

  Regorafenib
• 2013Richter transformation described on ibrutinib, a mode of BTK inhibitor failure

  Richter transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

  Ibrutinib
• 2013SIOP CNS GCT 96: craniospinal irradiation alone or chemotherapy plus focal radiotherapy for germinoma

  Central nervous system germ cell tumours (germinoma and non-germinomatous). Calaminus and colleagues (Neuro-Oncology): equivalent survival, more ventricular relapses with focal fie...

  CarboplatinEtoposideIfosfamide
• 2013SIOPEL-4: dose-dense cisplatin in high-risk disease (Lancet Oncol)

  Hepatoblastoma

  Cisplatin
• 2013SJMB12 opens with reduced therapy for WNT patients

  WNT-activated medulloblastoma

  St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
• 2013Sorafenib approved for RAI-refractory disease (DECISION); selumetinib redifferentiation proof of concept

  Thyroid cancer

  DECISIONMAPK inhibitor redifferentiation → radioiodine
• 2013T-DM1: first solid-tumour ADC; pertuzumab first pCR-based approval

  HER2-positive breast cancer

  Trastuzumab emtansinePertuzumab
• 2013TCGA defines four molecular classes

  Endometrial cancer. POLE-ultramutated, MSI-hypermutated, copy-number low, copy-number high (p53-abnormal).

  Endometrial cancer molecular classes (POLEmut, MMRd, p53abn, NSMP)
• 2013TCGA defines the copy-number-high, serous-like class

  p53-abnormal endometrial cancer, including uterine serous carcinoma

  Endometrial cancer molecular classes (POLEmut, MMRd, p53abn, NSMP)TP53
• 2013TCGA defines the copy-number-low class

  Endometrial cancer with no specific molecular profile

  Endometrial cancer molecular classes (POLEmut, MMRd, p53abn, NSMP)
• 2013TCGA defines the POLE-ultramutated class of endometrial cancer

  POLE-ultramutated endometrial cancer

  Endometrial cancer molecular classes (POLEmut, MMRd, p53abn, NSMP)
• 2013TCGA describes the hypermutated MSI class of endometrial cancer

  Mismatch-repair-deficient endometrial cancer

  Endometrial cancer molecular classes (POLEmut, MMRd, p53abn, NSMP)
• 2013TCGA molecular classification

  Endometrial cancer

• 2013The first refractory-line drug

  Colorectal cancer. CORRECT: regorafenib gave 6.4 against 5.0 months after everything else had been used, the first drug approved for that setting.

  Panitumumab-FOLFOX4 treatment and RAS mutations in colorectal cancer (PRIME)Regorafenib monotherapy for previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer (CORRECT)
• 2013The three non-surgical treatments are ranked against each other

  Basal cell carcinoma. 601 Dutch patients randomised between photodynamic therapy, imiquimod and fluorouracil; imiquimod superior and fluorouracil non-inferior to the light treatmen...

  Photodynamic therapy against imiquimod against fluorouracil for superficial basal cell carcinoma
• 2013Tissue-of-origin gene expression tests (CancerTYPE ID) enter practice

  Cancer of unknown primary (CUP)

• 2013TP53 mutation identified as the marker of very poor outcome within the SHH group

  SHH-activated medulloblastoma

  TP53
• 2013UKALL 2003: MRD-directed reduction of therapy is safe for low-risk children

  Standard-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children

  Multiparameter flow cytometry MRDMinimal / molecular residual disease (MRD)
• 2013WHO renames grade 1 limb tumours atypical cartilaginous tumours

  Chondrosarcoma

• 2013YAP1-TFE3 fusion found in a second subset

  Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma

The since year on technology records: first use in humans or first approval, as the record states it.

• 2013Actinium-225 supply: thorium stocks, accelerators and radium targets

  First use in humans or first approval, as the technology record states it.

• 2013DPYD genotyping and DPD phenotyping before fluoropyrimidines

  First use in humans or first approval, as the technology record states it.

• 2013Evolutionary dynamics of drug resistance

  First use in humans or first approval, as the technology record states it.

• 2013Financial toxicity and financial navigation

  First use in humans or first approval, as the technology record states it.

The founded year on company records.

• 2013CRISPR Therapeutics founded

  Zug

• 2013Dong-A ST founded

  Seoul

• 2013EcoR1 Capital founded

  San Francisco, CA

• 2013GeneQuantum Healthcare (Suzhou) founded

  Suzhou

• 2013Hinova Pharmaceuticals founded

  Chengdu

• 2013InventisBio founded

  Shanghai

• 2013Lantern Pharma founded

  Dallas, Texas

• 2013ModeX Therapeutics founded

  Weston, Massachusetts

• 2013MORE Health founded

  San Mateo, CA

• 2013Perimeter Medical Imaging AI founded

  Toronto

• 2013Therapixel founded

  Nice

• 2013TILT Biotherapeutics founded

  Helsinki

• 2013XACT Robotics founded

  Caesarea

The founded year on journal records.

• 2013bioRxiv founded

  Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

• 2013Cancer Immunology Research founded

  American Association for Cancer Research

• 2013Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer founded

  BMJ Group

• 2013Journal of cancer policy founded

  Elsevier

• 2013The Lancet Global Health founded

  Elsevier

The selected publications each biography lists, which is a reading of that person rather than a reading of the year.

• 2013A phase II study of weekly neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical chemoradiation for locally advanced cervical cancer

  British Journal of Cancer

• 2013A randomized double-blind crossover trial comparing subthalamic and pallidal deep brain stimulation for dystonia

  J Neurosurg

• 2013Adjuvant bevacizumab-containing therapy in triple-negative breast cancer (BEATRICE): primary results of a randomised, phase 3 trial

  The Lancet Oncology

• 2013Adjuvant procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine chemotherapy in newly diagnosed anaplastic oligodendroglioma: long-term follow-up of EORTC brain tumor group s...

  JCO

• 2013Adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with metastatic melanoma: intent-to-treat analysis

  Clinical Cancer Research

• 2013Alpha emitter radium-223 and survival in metastatic prostate cancer (ALSYMPCA)

  NEJM

• 2013Alternative approaches to eradicating the malignant clone in chronic myeloid leukemia: tyrosine-kinase inhibitor combinations and beyond

  Hematology

• 2013Analysis of circulating tumor DNA to monitor metastatic breast cancer

  NEJM

  Nitzan Rosenfeld
• 2013Bevacizumab plus capecitabine versus capecitabine alone in elderly patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer (AVEX): an open-label, random...

  The Lancet Oncology

• 2013Cancer genome landscapes

  Science

• 2013CD19-targeted T cells rapidly induce molecular remissions in adults with chemotherapy-refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia

  Science Translational Medicine

  Michel Sadelain
• 2013CD73 promotes anthracycline resistance and poor prognosis in triple negative breast cancer

  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

• 2013Children's Oncology Group's 2013 blueprint for research: neuroblastoma

  Pediatric Blood & Cancer

• 2013Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells for acute lymphoid leukemia

  NEJM

• 2013Clinical benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy in oestrogen receptor-positive invasive ductal and lobular carcinomas

  Br J Cancer

• 2013Combining Radiotherapy and Cancer Immunotherapy: A Paradigm Shift

  JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute

• 2013Conserved regulation of the Jak/STAT pathway by the endosomal protein asrij maintains stem cell potency

  Cell Reports

• 2013Dabigatrón versus acenocumarol para la prevención del ictus en la fibrilación atrial: análisis de impacto presupuestario en un departamento sanitario

  Revista Española de Salud Pública

• 2013Dasatinib in Children and Adolescents With Relapsed or Refractory Leukemia: Results of the CA180-018 Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of the Innovative Therapies f...

  Journal of Clinical Oncology

• 2013Dendritic-Cell-Based Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines

  Immunity

• 2013DNA targeting specificity of RNA-guided Cas9 nucleases

  Nature Biotechnology

• 2013Double nicking by RNA-guided CRISPR Cas9 for enhanced genome editing specificity

  Cell

• 2013Evolution and impact of subclonal mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

  Cell

• 2013Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 Gene Amplification Is Associated With Poor Survival and Cigarette Smoking Dosage in Patients With Resected Squamous Cell Lun...

  Journal of Clinical Oncology

• 2013Hypertension in adolescence is not an independent risk factor for renal cancer: A cohort study of 918,965 males

  Journal of the American Society of Hypertension

• 2013Identification of a population of blood circulating tumor cells from breast cancer patients that initiates metastasis in a xenograft assay

  Nature Biotechnology

• 2013Identification of constitutional MLH1 epimutations and promoter variants in colorectal cancer patients from the Colon Cancer Family Registry

  Genetics in Medicine

• 2013Implementation of the World Health Organization surgical safety checklist, including introduction of pulse oximetry, in a resource-limited setting

  Ann Surg

• 2013Increased survival in pancreatic cancer with nab-paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (MPACT)

  NEJM

• 2013Integrated genomic characterization of endometrial carcinoma

  Nature

• 2013Intermittent versus continuous androgen deprivation in prostate cancer (SWOG 9346)

  NEJM

• 2013Iron metabolism disturbances in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cells with acquired resistance to doxorubicin and cisplatin

  Int J Oncol

• 2013K-Ras(G12C) inhibitors allosterically control GTP affinity and effector interactions

  Nature

• 2013Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone for high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma

  NEJM

• 2013Long-term survival outcomes after definitive chemoradiation versus surgery in patients with resectable squamous carcinoma of the esophagus: results from a rando...

  Annals of Oncology

• 2013Multi institutional phase II study of concomitant stereotactic reirradiation and cetuximab for recurrent head and neck cancer

  Radiother Oncol

• 2013Multiplex genome engineering using CRISPR/Cas systems

  Science

• 2013Mutational heterogeneity in cancer and the search for new cancer-associated genes

  Nature

• 2013Non-invasive analysis of acquired resistance to cancer therapy by sequencing of plasma DNA

  Nature

• 2013Outcome After ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Cancer Treated With Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

  The American Journal of Cardiology

• 2013Palmar skin conductance variability and the relation to stimulation, pain and the motor activity assessment scale in intensive care unit patients

  Critical Care

• 2013Parathyroid Surgery in the Elderly: Should Minimally Invasive Surgery Be Abandoned?

  Annals of Surgical Oncology

• 2013Particle radiotherapy with carbon ion beams

  EPMA Journal

• 2013Phase II study of TAS‐106 in patients with platinum‐failure recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer and nasopharyngeal cancer

  Cancer Medicine

• 2013Pomalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone versus high-dose dexamethasone alone for patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (MM-003): a randomised...

  The Lancet Oncology

• 2013Results of the two incidence screenings in the National Lung Screening Trial

  NEJM

• 2013SF3B1 Mutations Are Associated with Alternative Splicing in Uveal Melanoma

  Cancer Discovery

• 2013Signatures of mutational processes in human cancer

  Nature

• 2013Small Molecule Inhibitors of Aurora-A Induce Proteasomal Degradation of N-Myc in Childhood Neuroblastoma

  Cancer Cell

• 2013Targeting BTK with ibrutinib in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia

  NEJM

• 2013Targeting BTK with ibrutinib in relapsed or refractory mantle-cell lymphoma

  NEJM

• 2013Targeting PI3K and mTORC2 in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: New strategies for overcoming resistance to VEGFR and mTORC1 inhibitors

  International Journal of Cancer

• 2013The basic principles of chimeric antigen receptor design

  Cancer Discovery

• 2013The genetic landscape of high-risk neuroblastoma

  Nature Genetics

• 2013The myth of the second remission of acute leukemia in the adult

  Blood

• 2013The prognostic significance of minimal residual disease in adult Egyptian patients with precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia

  Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute

• 2013Treatment of breast cancer patients from a public healthcare system in a private center: costs of care for a pilot public-private partnership in oncology

  Einstein (São Paulo)

• 2013Tuberculous ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm

  Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg

• 2013Use of Early Tumor Shrinkage to Predict Long-Term Outcome in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated With Cetuximab

  Journal of Clinical Oncology